Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab Practical 1 (312)

Clavicle

Conoid Tubercle, Sternal End, Acromial End

Scapula

Spine, Acromion, Coracoid Process, Glenoid Fossa (Cavity), Supraspinous Fossa, Infraspinous Fossa, Subscapular Fossa

Humerus

Head, Greater Tubercle, Lesser Tubercle, Intertubercular Groove, Capitulum, Trochlea, Olecranon Fossa, Coronoid Fossa, Lateral Epicondyle, Medial Epicondyle

Ulna

Trochlear Notch, Olecranon Process, Coronoid Process, Radial Notch, Ulnar Styloid Process

Radius

Head, Radial Tuberosity, Radial Styloid Process, Ulnar Notch

Carpals

Know 8 carpals (2 rows of 4)

Metacarpals

Identify metacarpals I-V

Phalanges

Three sets of Phalanges: Proximal, Middle, Distal (same numbering as metacarpals with exception of digit I)

Glenohumeral Joint

Articulating Bony Landmark - Glenoid Fossa of Scapula with head of humerus, Structural Classification - synovial, and Synovial Type - ball and socket

Joints of the Elbow

Humero-ulnar joint, Humeroradial joint, and Radio-ulnar joint

Shoulder Joint

Glenohumeral Joint

Humero-ulnar Joint

Articulating Bony Landmarks - Trochlea of Humerus with Trochlear Notch of Ulna, Structural Classification - Synovial, Synovial Type - Hinge

Humeroradial Joint

Articulating Bony Landmarks - Capitulum of Humerus with Head of Radius, Structural Classification - Synovial, Synovial Type - Hinge

Radio-ulnar Joint

Articulating Bony Landmarks - Head of Radius with Radial Notch of Ulna, Structural Classification - Synovial, Synovial Type - Pivot

Shoulder

Joint capsule, Tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii, glenoid labrum

Elbow

Joint capsule, Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament, Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament, Annular Ligament

Muscles that act on the pectoral girdle

Pectoralis minor, Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Serratus Anterior, Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor

Pectoralis Minor

Origin - Ribs

Insertion - Scapula

Action - depress shoulder

Trapezius

Origin - Vertebrae

Insertion - Occipital Bone, Clavicle, Scapula

Action - elevate scapula

Levator Scapulae

Origin - Vertebrae

Insertion - Scapula

Action - elevate scapula

Serratus Anterior

Origin - Ribs

Insertion - Scapula

Action - rotate scapula upwards

Rhomboid Major

Origin - Vertebrae

Insertion - Scapula

Action - Adduct Scapula

Rhomboid Minor

Origin - Vertebrae

Insertion - Scapula

Action - Adduct Scapula

Muscles that act on the arm

Pectoralis major, Latissimus Dorsi, Deltoid, Coracobrachialis, Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Teres major

Pectoralis Major

Origin - Clavicle, Sternum, Ribs

Insertion - Humerus

Action - adduct arm

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin - Vertebrae, Ribs

Insertion - Humerus

Action - adduct arm

Deltoid

Origin - Clavicle, Scapula

Insertion - Humerus

Action - abduct arm

Coracobrachialis

Origin - Scapula

Insertion - Humerus

Action - adduct arm

Subscapularis

Origin - Scapula

Insertion - Humerus

Action - medially rotate arm

*part of rotator cuff

Supraspinatus

Origin - Scapula

Insertion - Humerus

Action - abduct arm

*part of rotator cuff

Infraspinatus

Origin - Scapula

Insertion - Humerus

Action - laterally rotate arm

*part of rotator cuff

Teres minor

Origin - Scapula

Insertion - Humerus

Action - laterally rotate arm

*part of rotator cuff

Teres major

Origin - Scapula

Insertion - Humerus

Action - adduct arm

Muscles that act on the forearm

Biceps brachii (long and short heads), brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres

Biceps Brachii (long and short heads)

Origin - Scapula

Insertion - Radius

Action - flex arm

Brachialis

Origin - Humerus

Insertion - Ulna

Action - flex forearm

Brachioradialis

Origin - Humerus

Insertion - Radius

Action - flex forearm

Pronator Teres

Origin - Humerus, Ulna

Insertion - Radius

Action - Pronate hand

Muscles that act on hand and fingers (anterior)

Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin - Humerus

Insertion - Metacarpals

Action - flex wrist

Palmaris Longus

Origin - Humerus

Insertion - Palmar Aponeurosis

Action - flex wrist

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin - Humerus

Insertion - Carpals, Metacarpal

Action - flex wrist

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin - Humerus

Insertion -Phalanges

Action - Flex wrist

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Origin - Ulna

Insertion - Phalanges

Action - flex wrist

Muscles act on hand and fingers (posterior)

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extesnor Carpi Ulnaris, Pollicis Group

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin - Humerus

Insertion - Metacarpal

Action - extend wrist

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin - Humerus

Insertion - Metacarpal

Action - extend wrist

Extensor Digitorum

Origin - Humerus

Insertion - Phalanges

Action - extend wrist

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin - humerus

Insertion - metacarpals

Action - extend wrist

Pollicis Group

Origin - Ulna

Insertion - Metacarpals

Action - extend digit 1

Coxal Bone: Ilium

Auricular Surface, Iliac Tuberosity, Iliac Crest, Acetabulum, Greater Sciatic Notch

Coxal Bone: Pubis

Articular Surface

Coxal Bone: Ischium

Obturator Foramen, Ischial Spine, Ischial Tuberosity, Lesser Sciatic Notch

Femur

Head, Fovea Capitis, Greater Trochanter, Lesser Trochanter, Intertrochanteric Crest, Lateral Condyle, Medial Condyle, Intercondylar Fossa (Notch), Patellar Surface, Lateral Epicondyle, Medial Epicondyle

Patella

Apex, Base, Lateral Articular Surface (facet), Medial Articular Surface (facet)

Tibia

Lateral Condyle, Medial Condyle, Intercondylar Eminence, Tibial Tuberosity, Medial Malleolus

Fibula

Head, Lateral Malleolus

Tarsals

7 Tarsals, be able to identify: talus, calcaneus

Metatarsals

Identify Metatarsals - I-V

Phalanges

Three sets of Phalanges: Proximal, Middle, Distal (follow same numbering as metatarsals except digit I)

Joints of the Lower Appendages

Pubic Symphysis, Hip (Coxal) Joint, Femorotibial Joint, Tibiofibular Joint, Femoropatellar Joint

Pubic Symphysis

Articulating Bony Landmarks - Articular Surfaces of Pubic Bones, Structural Classification - cartilaginous, Synovial Type - N/A

Hip (Coxal) Joint

Articulating Bony Landmarks - acetabulum of coxal bone with head of femur, Structural Classification - Synovial, Synovial Type - ball and socket

Femorotibial Joint

Articulating Bony Landmarks - lateral and medial condyles of femur with lateral and medial condyles of tibia, Structural Classification - Synovial, Synovial Type - Hinge

Tibiofibular Joint

Articulating Bony Landmarks - lateral condyle of tibia with head of fibula, Structural Classification - Synovial, Synovial type - plane

Femoropatellar Joint

Articulating Bony Landmarks - patellar surface of femur with lateral and medial articular surfaces of patella, Structural Classification - Synovial, Synovial Type - plane

Hip Joint

• joint capsule

• ligament of the head of femur (ligamentum teres)

• acetabular labrum

Knee Joint

• joint capsule

• lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

• medial (tibial) collateral ligament

• anterior cruciate ligament

• posterior cruciate ligament

• patellar tendon

• patellar ligament

• lateral meniscus

• medial meniscus

Muscles that act on thigh (anterior)

Tensor Fasciae Latae, Sartorius, Iliopsoas, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Pectineus, Gracilis

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Origin - ilium

Insertion - iliotibial tract

Action - flex thigh

Sartorius

Origin - ilium

Insertion - tibia

Action - flex tight

Iliopsoas

Origin - ilium, vertebrae

Insertion - femur

Action - flex thigh

Adductor Brevis

Origin - Pubis

Insertion - femur

Action - flex thigh

Adductor Longus

Origin - pubis

Insertion - femur

Action - flex thigh

Adductor Magnus

Origin - pubis, ischium

Insertion - femur

Action - flex thigh

Pectineus

Origin - pubis

Insertion - femur

Action - flex thigh

Gracilis

Origin - pubis, ischium

Insertion - tibia

Action - flex thigh

Muscles that act on leg (posterior)

Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Pirifromis, Quadratus Femoris

Gluteus Maximus

Origin - ilium, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion - femur, iliotibial tract

Action - abduct thigh

Gluteus Medius

Origin - ilium

Insertion - femur

Action - abduct thigh

Gluteus Minimus

Origin - ilium

Insertion - femur

Action - abduct thigh

Piriformis

Origin - sacrum

Insertion - femur

Action - abduct thigh

Quadratus Femoris

Origin - ischium

Insertion - femur

Action - laterally rotate thigh

Muscles act on leg (quadriceps - anterior)

Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius

Rectus Femoris

Origin - Ilium

Insertion - Tibia

Action - extend leg

Vastus Lateralis

Origin - femur

Insertion - tibia

Action - extend leg

Vastus Medialis

Origin - Femur

Insertion - Tibia

Action - Extend leg

Vastus Intermedius

Origin - femur

Insertion - tibia

Action - extend leg

Muscles on leg (hamstrings - posterior)

Biceps femoris: long head, Biceps femoris: short head, Semitendinosus, Semimebranosus

Biceps Femoris: Long Head

Origin - Ischium

Insertion - Fibula, Tibia

Action - flex leg

Biceps Femoris: short head

Origin - femur

Insertion - fibula, tibia

Action - flex leg

Semitendinosus

Origin - ischium

Insertion - tibia

Action - flex leg

Semimebranosus

Origin - ischium

Insertion - tibia

Action - flex leg

Muscles that act on foot (anterior)

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus

Tibialis Anterior

Origin - tibia

Insertion -tarsal, metatarsal

Action - dorsiflex foot

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Origin - fibula

Insertion -phalanx

Action - extend digit I

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin - tibia, fibula

Insertion - phalanges

Action - dorsiflex foot

Muscles act on foot (lateral)

Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis, Fibularis tertius

Fibular longus

Origin - fibula

Insertion - tarsal, metatarsal

Action - evert foot

Fibularis Brevis

Origin - fibula

Insertion - metatarsal

Action - evert foot