Us hisotory ch16

in 1864, The German kingdom of Prussia………

launched the first of a series of wars to unite the various German states into one nation

by 1871, Prussia had……

united Germany and established the German empire, which became one of the most powerful nations in the world

Germany and France are ___________ in 18710

enemies

why are Germany and France enemies?

Prussia forced France to give up territory along the German border

Germany signed alliances with what two nations to create the Triple-Alliance

Italy and Austria-Hungary

which bordering country of Germany is worried about the formation of the triple alliance?

russia

Russia and ________ were competing for influence in Southeastern Europe?

Austria-Hungary

in 1894, France and Russian signed the ________

Franco-Russian alliance

The Franco-Russian alliance was a promise to…..

come to each others aid in a war against the Triple Alliance

militarism

a policy of aggressive military preparedness

what was the point of militarism by the alliances?

to intimidate the other nations

in the 1800s, what European country was the strongest nation?

Germany

1898 is the year that Germany builds a……

large modern navy

in response to Germanys navy, Britain…..

builds warships and enters an arms race with Germany and Britain also joined sides with France and Russia

The alliance between Britain, France, and Russia became known as the…..

triple enetente

nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a nation

The powerful idea in Europe during the 1800s was

nationalism

Nationalists believe in the right of _____________

self determination

self determination

the idea that those who share a national identity should have their own country and government

European countries built empires through….

imperialism

imperialism

the ruling or controlling of other people or nations through annexation, military, conquest, or economic domination

Serbia becomes _________

independent

the assassination of who brings about WWI

archduke Franz Ferdinand

Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in __________

sarajevo

Who assassinated Fraz Ferdinand and what group was he apart of?

Gavrilo Princip; the black hand

Austria wanted to crush Serbia to protect______________

slavic nationalism

Austria-Hungary declared war on ___________

Serbia

Serbia counted on _______ to help them in war with Austria Hungary

Russia

Russia mobilized its army including troops on the border of what country??

germany

Germany declared war on ___________

Russia and France

what was Germanys plan about France and Russia?

to knock France out of the war by invading through Belgium and then turn attention to Russia

What powerful country was Belgium allied with?

Britain

What was Britain’s response to Germany going through Belgium?

Britain declared war on Germany

What country switches sides from the triple alliance to the triple entente?

Italy

What was the alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary called after Italy switched sides?

the Central Powers

Germany and Austria-Hungary joined _____________________

the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria

The Western front was a __________ because of the miles of trenches

bloody stalemate

what countries were fighting in the Western Front?

Britain and French vs Germany

What event/events prompted the United states to join the war?

British propaganda, American investment in the Allies, unrestricted submarine warfare, and the Zimmerman telegram

President Wilson wanted the United States to remain _______ to European affairs

neutral

what side does the United states join?

the allies

Americans favored the Allies except…..

German Americans who supported their homeland, and many Irish Americans who harbored hostility towards Britain

Preparedness Movement

preparing was the best way

Women’s peace party

Carrie Catt and Jane Addams led a movement to not go to war

Britain used what to gain the support of America?

propoganda

propaganda

the spreading of ideas about an institution or individual for the purpose of influencing opinion

On February 15th, what German action helped usher the United States into the war?

Germany announced that they would use submarines called U-boats to sink without warning any ship they found in the waters around Britain (unrestricted submarine warfare)

The sinking of what ship happened in May 1915 and killed over 1000 passengers including 128 americans

The Lusitania

The sinking of the Lusitania caused President Wilson to……

send an official protest to Germany

In March 1916 a U-boat torpedoed a _______ passenger ship

French

After the sinking of the French ship, president Wilson

threatened to cut off all diplomatic relations with Germany

Wilson runs again for president in ______ __on the platform__ ___________

1916; “He kept us out of the war”

What was the last action by Germany that caused the United states to declare war?

The Zimmerman telegram

What was the Zimmerman telegram?

German official Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico the return of its “lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona” if it allied with Germany

What country intercepted the Zimmerman telegram?

Britian

The Zimmerman telegram ran in American newspapers and Americans concluded that war with Germany was ________

necessary

In Febuary 1917 Germany resumed _________________________________

unrestricted submarine warfare

April 2, 1917, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on ________________

Germany

What did Congress do to prepare for economy for war??

Established agencies to coordinate mobilization and ensure the officiant use of natural and labor reasources

As part of the war efort, Congress created new agencies staffed by __________________________

business executives, managers, and government official

The agencies staffed by business executives, managers, and government officials were made to…………….

coordinate mobilization for the war and use national resources efficiently

War industries Board-

coordinated the production of war materials and told manufacturers what they could produce, allocated raw materials, ordered new factory construction, and sometimes set prices

food administrations

responsible for increasing food production while reducing civilian consumption and encouraged families to conserve food and grow their own vegtables in victory gardens

victory gardens-

garden planted by citizens during war to raise vegetables for home use, leaving more for the troops

fuel administration

managed use of coal and oil, introduced daylight savings time to conserve energy

congress raised _______________ to fund the war

income taxes

Congress ____________________ and imposed an extra tax on the profits of arms factories

raised income tax rates

American gained $20 million through the sale of ___________________________

liberty and victory bonds

Americans who bought bonds were lending money to the government to ______________________

be repaid with interest in a specified number of years

national labor board

create to mediate between industry and workers

with so many men in the military, employers were willing to hire ______________________

women for jobs traditionally held by men

Women during the war had jobs including

factories, shipyards, railroads, police officers, mail carriers, and train engineers

promises of ______________________, convinced between 300,000 and 500,000 African Americans to move north

high wages and plentiful work

The moving of African Americans to American became known as _________

Great Migration

migrate-

to move from one location to another

Committee on Public Information-

formed to “sell” the American people

Four minute men-

urged audiences to support the war in various ways, from buying war bonds to reporting draft dodgers to the authorities

nongovernmental groups also helped _________________ and funds for the war

raise awareness

the government passed legislation to ______________________ and to fight espionage or spying to acquire government information

limit opposition to the war

The ________________ made it illegal to aid the enemy, give false reports, or interfere with the war effort

the espionage act of 1917

espionage-

spying, especially to gain government secrets

the _________________ made it illegal to speak agaisnt the war publicly

sedition act of 1918

the espionage act and the sedition act led to more than 2000 _____________

convictions

How were progressive ideals used in preparing the military for war?

they developed a new system for recruiting a large army with lottery and they let women join for certain jobs

the us enters the war in 1917 200,000 ___________________________

army and national guard troops

Progressives believed forced military service ____________________________

violated democratic and republican principles

Conress believed a draft was necessary so the ______________________ was created

selective service system

Selective Service Act of 1917-

required all men between 21 and 30 to register for the draft

the approximate amount of men that volunteered for military service-

2 million

what were two reasons that men volunteered to serve in the war?

german atrocities and fighting for democracy

how many americans died in combat?

50,000

WWI was the first war in which __________ officially served in the armed forces

women

jobs women had in the war-

clerical duties, radio operators, electricians, pharmacists, chemists and photographers

women serving in the navy wore a _______________

standard uniform

women in the war were given the rank of ___________

yeoman

The army refused to enlist ___________________

women

How did new technologies increase the number of casualties compared with previous wars?

artilery fire accounted for many deaths than any other weapons and machines guns made it easy to shoot at troops crossing between trenches

troops dug _______________ to protect themselves, and the machine gun became one of the newest weapons

trenches

where did the Germans dig a network of trenches?

the English channel to the swiss border

The attack formation for trench warfare was…..

massive artilery barrage and then soldiers then raced across the rough landscape toward enemy trenches; troops used any weapon avaiable to kill the enemy