BACTE PART II PARA SA MGA CUTIE

What are the two Corynebacterium species that are lipophilic?

Corynebacterium jeikeium, Corynebacterium urealyticum

Enumerate the non-lipophilic Corynebacterium species?

Corynebacterium amycolatum, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Corynebacterium striatum, Corynebacterium ulcerans

What shaped are corynebacterium species?

Club shaped, coryneforms

Corynebacterium species are a normal flora of?

Skin and mucous membranes

These are slightly curved, gram positive rods with non-parallel side and slightly wider ends

Corynebacterium species

Corynebacterium diphtheriae are also known as?

Kleb Loeffler’s Bacillus

What is the most significant pathogen of the genus Corynebacterium species

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

C. diphtheriae are gram positive that are highly _______ rods

Pleomorphic (no definite shape)

C. diphtheriae has a one swollen end due to?

Metachromatic granules

Metachromatic granules are composed of?

Accumulated Polymerized polyphosphates

To demonstrate the inclusion bodies, we use?

Special stains

This is the virulence factor of Toxogenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Diphtheria toxin

Diphtheria toxin of C. diphtheriae is encoded by?

Tox gene

This is characterized by low grade fever, mild sore throat and body malaise

Diphtheria

Initial site of infection of C. diphtheriae

Epithelial cells of the tonsils

This can cause inflammation and necrosis of the cells

Diphtheria toxin

Pseudomembrane formation of Diphtheria causes swelling of the neck which has an appearance of

Bull’s neck appearance

What are the media of isolation in C. diphtheriae

BAP, CTBA, Tinsdale media, Loeffler’s serum and PAI’s coagulated egg serum

BAP media in C. diphtheriae shows?

narrow zone of beta hemolysis

CTBA media in C. diphtheriae shows?

Shows black to gray colonies with brown halo

CTBA media in C. diphtheriae has black to gray colonies due to?

The breakdown of tellurite

CTBA media in C. diphtheriae has brown halo due to?

Cysteine degradation

What formation does C. diphtheriae have?

Palisade, Picket fence, Chinese letter V, X, L, Y formation

CTBA contains what?

Sheep’s blood, bovine serum, cystine, potassium tellurite

CTBA is an ______, which is why non-coryneform bacteria does not grow in this media

Inhibitor

When there is growth in CTBA, how should a medical technologist report it?

Positive in Corynebacterium diphtheriae

If you want to determine if the species is toxigenic or non toxigenic, what should be performed?

Toxigenicity test

This test is for IN VITRO toxigenicity test

Elek’s test

Elek;s test is also known as?

Ouchterlony/Frobisher test

What is the positive result of Frobisher test?

Lines of precipitation

What is the principle of Ouchterlony test?

Immunodiffusion

In elek’s test, the line of precipitation must be ____ from the filter paper strip

4-5 mm

In elek’s test, the angle of the line of precipitation must be?

45 degrees

In elek’s test, after inoculating the unknown culture, incubate it for _______ at ______

24-48 hours; 35C

Animal Inoculation Test is also known as?

Guinea Pig Lethal Test

This test is an IN VIVO toxigenicity test

Animal Inoculation Test

What is the laboratory animal used in animal inoculation test?

2 Guinea pigs

In animal inoculation test, we inject the isolated strain of C. diphtheria how and where?

Subcutaneously into the thighs

Positive result of Animal Inoculation test

Death of unprotected guinea pig within 2-3 days with hemorrhage in the adrenal gland

This is a test to determine susceptibility or immunity of humans to diphtheria

Schick’s Test

Inflammatory reaction in Schick’s test means a patient is?

Susceptible

No reaction in Schick’s test means a patient is?

Immune

In schick’s test we should evaluate the injection after how many hours?

48 hours

In schick’s test, we inject a very small dose of the toxin under the?

Skin of the forearm

Aside from C. diphtheriae, what other Corynebacterium species has a black to gray colonies with brown halo in CTBA

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium ulcerans

To differentiate C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans in CTBA, we use what?

Urease and Nitrate (NO3) Reduction

C. diphtheriae.

Urease:

Nitrate Reduction:

Negative, Positive

C. pseudotuberculosis.

Urease:

Nitrate Reduction:

Positive, negative

C. ulcerans.

Urease:

Nitrate Reduction:

Positive, negative

Since C. pseudotuberculosis and C. ulcerans have the same reaction in urease and NO3 reduction, we can perform _____ to differentiate them further

Reverse CAMP Test

Which Corynebacterium specie is positive in reverse CAMP test

Corynebacterium ulcerans

What is the appearance of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Tinsdale media?

Black colonies with brown halo

Brown halo in Tinsdale media is a result of what?

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production

What are the 2 media that can stimulate the growth of C. diphtheriae and induce ________

Loeffler’s serum and PAI’s coagulated egg serum; volutin formation

TRUE or FALSE. Both toxogenic and non-toxogenic Corynebacterium species can grow on CTBA

TRUE

What is the meaning of CTBA?

Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar

This has convex, fried egg colonies

Corynebacterium diphtheriae variety mitis

They are small, dry and has black colonies

Corynebacterium diphtheriae variety intermedius

This has a daisy head colonies

Corynebacterium diphtheriae variety gravis

What are the 3 varieties of Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium species

C. diphtheriae variety mitis, C. diphtheriae variety intermedius, C. diphtheriae variety gravis

What are the diphtheroids that are a normal flora of the skin

Corynebacterium amycolatum, Corynebacterium jeikeium

C. amycolatum is misidentified as?

C. striatum, C. xerosis, C. minutissimum

Colony appearance of C. amycolatum

Flat, dry, matte or waxy

C. amycolatum is associated with?

Prosthetic joint infection

What does “JK” means in Jk bacillus

Johnson and Kaye

They are the first to link C. jeikeium with human infection

Johnson and Kaye

What is the most common cause of Corynebacterium-associated prosthetic valve endocarditis (adults)

Corynebacterium jeikeium

What is strict aerobe, non-hemolytic, urease negative, and nitrate reduction negative

Corynebacterium jeikeium

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum is also known as?

Hoffman’s bacillus

Hoffman’s bacillus is the normal flora of?

Nasopharynx

What corynebacterium species is catalase (+), nitrate reduction (+), reverse CAMP (+)

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis causes?

Granulomatous lymphadenitis

This is an infection following exposure to cattle or after ingestion of contaminated milk

Corynebacterium ulcerans

What corynebacterium species is beta-hemolytic

Corynebacterium ulcerans

Corynebacterium urealyticum is most commonly associated with?

UTI

Due to the presence of what we call porphyrins, there is a ____________ in C. minutissimum

Coral red fluorescence on woodlight

What is the agent of Erythrasma

Corynebacterium minutissimum

These are found in environment such as soil, sewage, decaying vegetation, human feces, swine, and poultry

Listeria species

What is the most significant human isolate

Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes can cause?

Listeriosis

What is the most common manifestation in Listeria monocytogenes

Meningitis

What is the media of choice of Listeria monocytogenes

McBride Medium

L. monocytogenes can tolerate cold enrichment because they are categorized as?

Pyschrotroph

What is the agent of meningitis for neonates?

Streptococcus agalactiae

What is the agent of meningitis for children <5 years old?

Haemophilus influenzae

What is the agent of meningitis for 5-19 years old?

Neisseria meningitidis

What is the agent of meningitis for adults?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What is the agent of meningitis for elderly and immunocompromised adults?

Listeria monocytogenes

What is the agent of meningitis for diabetic patients?

Staphylococcus aureus

What is the only known human pathogen in Erysipelothrix species?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

E. rhusiopathiae is an agent of?

Erysipeloid/Butcher’s cut

This is the cutaneous inflammation of the hands and of the fingers

Erysipeloid/butcher’s cut

They are microaerophilic, glucose and lactose fermenter, and sodium hippurate positive

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Listeria monocytogenes is catalase ________, while . rhusipathiae is catalase ______

Positive; negative

L. monocytogenes and E. rhusiopathiae. Which of these is positive in H2S production?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

H2S production causes ?

Blackening in the butt area

Hemolytic pattern of L. monocytogenes

Beta

Hemolytic pattern of E. rhusipathiae

Alpha, Gamma

L. monocytogenes and E. rhusiopathiae. Which of these is motile?

Listeria monocytogenes

The motility of L. monocytogenes in hanging drop/wet preparation is?

Tumbling or end-over-end motility