Latin Midterm Review

**aeger** -gra -grum

sick, ill

**atque/ac**

and, as, then

**auris** -is *f*

ear

**bene**

well

**bracchium** -ī *n*

arm

**capillus** -ī *m*

hair

**caput** -itis *n*

head, chief, capital

**cerebrum** -ī *n*

brain

**color** -ōris *m*

color

**cor, c**ordis *n*

heart

**corpus** -oris *n*

body

**crūs** -ūris *n*

leg

**fluere** flūxisse fluxum

to flow

**frōns** -ontis *f*

forehead

**gena** -ae *f*

cheek

**hūmānus** -a -um

human

**iecur** -oris *n*

liver

**īnfrā** *prp* +*acc*

below

**labrum** -ī *n*

lip

**lingua** -ae *f*

tongue, languages

**male** *adv*

badly, ill

**manus** -ūs *f*

hand

**medicus** -ī *m*

physician, doctor

**membrum** -ī *n*

limb

**modo**

only, just

**ōs** ōris *n*

mouth

**pectus** -oris *n*

breast

**pōculum** -ī *n*

cup, glass

**ruber** -bra -brum

red

**sānāre** -āvisse -ātum

to heal, cure

**sanguis** -inis *m*

blood

**sānus** -a -um

healthy, well

**sedēre** sēdisse sessum

to sit

**stāre** stetisse statum

to stand

**stultus** -a -um

stupid, foolish

**super** *prp* +*acc* on (top of)

above

**tangere** tetigisse tāctum

to touch

**vēna** -ae *f*

vein

**venter** -tris *m*

belly, stomach

**viscera** -um *n pl*

internal organs

**aegrōtāre** -āvisse -ātum

to be ill

**ap-pōnere** -posuisse -positum

to place (on), serve

**arcessere** -īvisse -ītum

to send for, fetch

**dē** *prp* +*abl* (down)

down, from, of, about

**dīcere** dīxisse dictum

to say, call, speak

**dolēre** doluisse dolitum

to hurt, feel pain, grieve

**iubēre** iussisse iussum

to order, to tell

**quiētus** -a -um

quiet

**re-venīre** -vēnisse -ventum

to come back

**sentīre** sēnsisse sēnsum

to feel, sense, think

**spectāre** -āvisse -ātum

to watch, look at

**culter** -tri *m*

knife

**dē-tergēre** tersisse tersum

to wipe off

**gaudēre** «gavisum esse» (semi-dep)

to be glad, pleased

**horrēre** -uisse

to bristle, stand on end,  shudder (at)

**noster** -tra -trum

our, ours

**palpitāre** -āvisse -ātum

to beat, throb

**putāre** -āvisse -ātum

to think, suppose

1st conj. vowel

ā (āre)

2nd conj. vowel

ē (ēre)

3rd conj. vowel

e (ere)

4th conj. vowel

ī (īre)

How do you find the stem of each verb?

drop off the infinitive active ending -re

\
for example: ambulāre → ambulā-

what ending do you add to the 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugations to make it INFINITIVE PASSIVE?

\-rī

\
for example:

timēre → timē- → __timērī__

what do you do to the 3rd conjugation to make it INFINITIVE PASSIVE?

drop -e ending and attach -ī

\
for example:

vehere → vehe- → __vehī__

practice: stem/infinitive passive of ambulāre

stem = ambulā-

ip = ambularī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of verberāre

stem = verberā-

ip = verberārī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of timēre

stem = timē-

ip = timērī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of rīdēre

stem = rīdē-

ip = rīdērī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of intellegere

stem = intellege-

ip = intellegī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of cōnsistere

stem = cōnsiste-

ip = cōnsistī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of vehere

stem = vehe

ip= vehī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of adīre

stem = adī

ip = adīrī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of dēlectāre

stem = dēlectā-

ip = dēlectārī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of errāre

stem = errā-

ip = errārī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of iacēre

stem = iacē-

ip = iacērī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of accurrere

stem = accurre-

ip = accurrī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of capere

stem = cape-

ip = capī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of vīvere

stem = vīve-

ip = vīvī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of abīre

stem = abī-

ip = abīrī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of reperīre

stem = reperī

ip = reperīrī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of cantāre

stem = cantā

ip = cantārī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of portāre

stem = portā-

ip = portārī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of movēre

stem = movē-

ip = movērī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of tenēre

stem = tenē

ip = tenērī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of currere

stem = curre-

ip = currī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of vendere

stem = vende-

ip = vendī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of ducere

stem = duce-

ip = ducī

practice: stem/infinitive passive of aperīre

stem = aperī-

ip = aperīrī

How do these forms translate differently?

in the passive form, the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb

\
the passive form of cantāre “to sing” would be translated as “to be sung”

portārī = to be carried

movērī = to be moved

tenērī = to be held

aperīrī = to be opened

etc.

An infinitive is a ______ ____

verbal noun

What are the three uses of an infinitive?

1) subject

2) D.O (direct object)

3) accusative + infinitive

1. subject

example: ==puer== est humanus

\
Puer is the subject in this sentence.

2. D.O

puer potest ==spirāre==

leōnēs possunt ==currere==

\
The infinitives *spirāre and currere* act as the direct object of these sentences.

3. accusative + infinitive

Iulium \[^^puerum^^ ==esse== perternitum\] videt.

Iulius \[^^puerum^^ ==vocāre== audit\].

\
The infinitives *esse* and *vocāre* follow the accusative subject (**puerum**)

When working with the 3rd declension, what are the ī stem rules?

1. same amount of syllables
2. double consonants

(#1,2 only apply to ==fem==. and ^^masc^^. nouns)


3. neuter nouns (%%-e%%, %%-al,%% %%-ar%% in __**nom sing)**__


1. for example, mare, maris, n.


1. animal, animālis, n.
2. exemplar, exemplāris, n.

decline: pāstōr, pāstōris, ^^m^^.

nom = pāstōr, pāstōr^^ēs^^

acc = pāstōr^^em^^, pāstōr^^ēs^^

gen = pāstōr^^is^^, past^^ōrum^^

dat = pāstōr^^ī^^, pastor^^ibus^^

abl = pāstōr^^e^^, pāstōr^^ibus^^

nom = ovis, ov==ēs==

acc = ov==em==, ov==ēs==

gen = ov==is==, ov==ium== (same syllable)

dat = ov==ī==, ovi==bus==

abl = ov==e==, ov==ibus==

decline: ovis, ovis, ==f==.

3rd declension endings:

nom: -/is, -ēs

acc: -em, -ēs

gen: -is, -um/-ium

dat: -ī, -ibus

abl: -e, -ibus

decline: leō, leōnis, m.

nom: leō, leōnēs

acc: leōnem, leōnēs

gen: leōnis, leōnum

dat: leōnī, leōnibus

abl: leōne, leōnibus