IUPUI N261 Exam 4

Respiratory activities are controlled by

centers in the pons and the medulla oblongata

Conscious thought processes and all intellectual functions originate in the

cerebral hemispheres

A highly specialized region of the sympathetic division that causes widespread sympathetic activation is found in the

adrenal medulla

Typical sympathetic postganglionic fibers that release norepinephrine at neuroeffector junctions are classified as

adrenergic

The autonomic division of the nervous system directs

processes that maintain homeostasis

The sympathetic division of the ANS differs from the parasympathetic division of the ANS in that

the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system are relatively longer than those of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic system is more divergent than is the parasympathetic

Cranial nerves that have ANS fibers are

III, VII, IX, X

Which of the following is not a branch of the facial nerve?

Ophthalmic

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains

axons of motor neurons

Only cones are found in the

fovea

Which of the following is/are a special sensory receptor?

auditory receptor

Cranial nerve IX exits through which foramen

jugular foramen

Which cranial nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure?

III, IV, VI, V1 (ophthalmic branch)

Which of the following structures are found in the membranous labyrinth

utricle and saccule

Which of the following is part of the vascular tunic

ciliary body

Which nerve innervates the adductor muscle groups and superomedial thigh skin

Obturator nerve

Regarding spinal nerves, which structure contains motor fibers that originate in the spinal cord?

Ventral root

Which brachial plexus nerve is formed by the lateral and medial cords?

median nerve

Which mesencephalic structure acts in the classic "startle response"?

Corpora quadrigemina

Which of the following neuroglia is NOT found in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Schwann cells

This type of neuroglia is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):

ependymal cells

This type of neuroglia is responsible for the myelination of axons in the CNS:

oligodendrocytes

Which of the following terms refers to the area of the neuron where one neuron
communicates with another neuron?

synapse

Multipolar neuron is characterized as:

It has several dendrites and a single axon that may have one or more branches.

Neurons that transmit information about internal conditions and the status of other organ
systems are called:

Visceral sensory neurons

Which of the following could affect the rate of impulse conduction along the axon?

A wide diameter of the axon and the presence of myelin sheath upon the axon

Chemicals that diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic
membrane are called:

neurotransmitters

The deep crease along the ventral portion of the spinal cord is known as:

anterior median fissure

Which spinal segment contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons?

dorsal root ganglion

This area in the spinal cord contains axons that cross from one side of the spinal cord to
the other before reaching a destination within the gray matter:

gray commissure

Descending tracts do which of the following:

Carry motor commands into the spinal cord

Which of the following describes the endoneurium?

it surrounds individual axons

Which of the following has been put in the correct order from superficial to deep?

Epineurium, Perineurium, Fascicle, Endoneurium, Axon

Which of the following spinal nerves is the most lateral of the brachial plexus?

Musculocutaneous membrane

Which of the following sequences of numbers regarding spinal nerves is correct?

8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, 1 Coccygeal

Put the following sequences of a reflex arc in the correct order:

I. Response by effector
II. Activation by a motor neuron
III. Information processing in CNS
IV. Activation of a sensory neuron
V. Arrival of stimulus and activation of receptor

V, IV, III, II ,I

What is the type of reflex in which one sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor
neuron?

Monosynaptic and stretch reflex

What structure(s) make up the corpora quadrigemina?

Superior Colliculi
Inferior Colliculi

What brain structure is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Choroid Plexus

The structure responsible for responses to sex, fear, and aggression is known as:

amygdala

The Primary Motor Cortex can be found where in the brain?

cerebrum

Which of the following contains Purkinje cells and is responsible for fine-tuning
voluntary and involuntary movements?

cerebellum

Which of the following are considered important respiratory monitors and regulators in
the brain?

pons and medulla oblongata

Which of the following is a mixed cranial nerve?

IX

Which of the following cranial nerves are responsible for extraocular muscle movement?

III, IV, VI

Anterograde amnesia would affect a person's ability to do what:

formulate new memories

The Sympathetic Nervous System releases which neurotransmitter from pre-ganglionic
fibers?

acetylcholine

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between tonic and phasic
receptors?

Phasic receptors become active for a short time whenever there is a change in the
conditions they are monitoring, whereas tonic receptors are always active.

What type of stimulus would a nociceptor respond to?

pain

The axons of the second-order neurons in the olfactory bulb travel within the olfactory
tract to reach what areas of the brain?

Limbic System
Hypothalamus
Olfactory Cortex

What cranial nerve is responsible for olfaction?

I

What cranial nerves are responsible for taste?

VII, IX, X

What cranial nerve contributes to tongue movement?

XII

What is the name of the opening to the ear exposed to the external environment?

External acoustic meatus

Name the auditory ossicles closest to the oval window:

Stapes

Perilymph can be found where:

bony labyrinth

What sensory structure of the cochlea lies upon the basilar membrane?

organ of corti

What cranial nerve is responsible for audition?

VIII

A person's night vision is produced by what type of photoreceptors:

Rods

Where can you find the blind spot in the human eye?

optic disc

What type of fluid is circulated throughout the posterior body and anterior body of the
eye?

aqueous humor

What cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

II

Cerebral spinal fluid is found in the

subarachnoid space

Gyrus

lumps and bumps

Sulcus

many groves on the brain surface

fissure

deepest indention; split

Nerves

Bundle of axons

Brachioplexus nerves

musculocutaneous, ulnar, radial, median

Schwann cells

Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the formation of myelin.

Astrocytes

Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons; form blood brain barrier

exteroreceptors

detect external stimuli

propioreceptors

detect position, stretch, and movement

interoreceptors

detect internal stimuli

Send information to the CNS

afferent/ascending/dorsal/sensory

Take information away from CNS

efferent/descending/ventral/motor

Endoneurium

delicate connective tissue around individual nerve fibers in nerve

fassicle

bundle of neurons

Perineurium

surrounds each fascicle

Epineurium

surrounds the entire nerve

The peripheral nervous system is divided into

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Dendrites

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

cell body

Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm

Axon

conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

axon hillock

the cone-shaped area on the cell body from which the axon originates

Terminal boutons (axon terminals)

affect another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland)

satellite cells

surround neuron cell bodies in PNS

microglia

phagocytic cells that ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in the CNS

intravertebral foramen

where spinal nerves begin

spinal cords ends at

L1-L2

conus medullaris

tapered end of spinal cord

filum terminale

anchors spinal cord to coccyx

lumbosacral plexus

sciatic nerve

dura mater

tough, fibrous outermost layer

arachnoid mater

middle layer

pia mater

Innermost layer of the meninges

Cranial Nerve I

Olfactory (sensory); smell

Cranial Nerve II

Optic (sensory); vision; form chiasma

Cranial nerve III

Oculomotor (motor); move eyeball