level 4

which area of science involves the study of the organs and systems of the body?

anatomy

the study of the functions and systems of the body is know as

physiology

What three basic parts are found in most human cells?

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

The control center of cell activities is called the:

nucleus

Most of the activities of the cell take place in the:

cytoplasm

The process of building up larger molecules from small ones is:

anabolism

The release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions is called

catabolism

Groups of cells of the same kind make up

tissues

what is the role of epithelial tissue

cover and protect the body surfaces and internal organs

Which type of tissue supports, protects and holds the body together?

connective tissue

The tissue that contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion is known as:

muscular tissue

A separate body structure composed of two or more different tissues is a(n)

organ

The organ that controls all body functions is the:

brain

The organ responsible for removing toxic byproducts of digestion is the:

liver

The primary function of the excretory system is to:

eliminate waste product

The point at which two or more bones are joined together is called a:

joint

Which system has the function of surrounding and protecting internal organs

skeletal system

long bones are found in the

legs

All of the following are bones of the cranium

frontal, occipital, temporal, and parietal

The parietal bones form the:

crown and upper sides of the head

the bone that forms the back of the skull, indenting above the nape area is the

occipital

the bone that makes up the lower jaw and is the largest bone of the facial skeleton is the

mandible

the 8 carpals held together with ligaments make up the

wrist

the 5 long, the bones that form the palm of the hand area

metacarpals

the outer and narrower of the 2 longer leg bones, extending from the knee to the ankle is know as the

fibula

myology is the study of the structure, function and diseases of the

muscles

The salon professional is primarily concerned with which type of muscles found in the head, face, neck, hands and arms?

voluntary

which type of muscle responds automatically to control various body functions

non-striated

muscles affected by massage are generally massaged from the

insertions attachment to organ attachment

the occipitals muscle is located at the nape of the neck and draw the scalp

back

the muscle that circle the mouth and is responsible for contracting, puckering and drinking the lips (kissing or whistling)

orbicularis oris

the coordination of which two muscles enable the body to perform chewing (mastication)

temporalis and massester

The muscle that aids in drawing the head back and elevating the shoulder blades is known as the:

trapezius

the muscle that turns the palm of the hand up is the

supinator

straightens fingers and wrist

extensor

The body system responsible for circulation of the blood, including the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries, is called the

cardiovascular system

What is the sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body, bringing nourishment and oxygen to all parts of the body

blood

What is another name for red blood cells

erythrocytes

Cells that fight bacteria and other foreign substances are called leukocytes or

white blood cells

thick-walled vessels that carry pure blood from the heart through the body are:

arteries

The process of blood traveling from the heart, throughout the body and back to the heart is called

general circulation

The occipital artery supplies blood to the

back of the head

Which artery supplies blood to the lower portion of the face, including the mouth and nose?

external maxillary

Which artery supplies blood to the crown and sides of the head

parietal

A subsystem of the circulatory system responsible for distributing white blood cells to help develop immunity is known as the:

lymph-vascular system

The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system and the

autonomic nervous system

The brain, spinal cord and spinal and cranial nerves make up the

central nervous system

Which crucial part of the central nervous system is composed of long nerve fibers and originates in the base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine?

spinal cord

Motor nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles and are called:

\
efferent

What system is composed of sensory and motor nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain to other parts of the body

\
peripheral nervous system

The primary motor nerve of the face is the

facial nerve

the digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems are controlled by the

\
autonomic nervous system

The system that breaks food down to be easily absorbed by cells or to become waste products is the

digestive system

The primary function of the excretory system is to

eliminate waste

Hair growth, skin conditions and energy levels are all controlled by the

endocrine system

Where does mitosis or cell division of the skin take place

stratum basale

Which of the following items determines the color of the skin

melanin

The stratum lucidum layer is found only on the

soles of the feet and palms of hands

Which layer of the skin contains collagen protein and elastin fibers which lend support to the epidermis and give the skin its elastic quality?

\
dermal

Sweat is excreted by what gland?

\
sudoriferous

The greatest concentration of sudoriferous glands is found on the

palms, soles, scalp and forehead, and underarms

What is the function of sebum?

mix with sweat to form the acid mantle

Most skin problems are caused by

the sebaceous glands

Functions of the skin include regulation of body temperature and

\
protection

what layer of skin does not contain any blood vessels

epidermis

Which layer of skin is located below the dermal layer and composed of adipose (fatty) and loose connective tissue?

\
subcutaneous

nerve bundles in the subcutaneous tissue branch into the stratum granulosum layer and respond to:

pain

All of the following statements identify ways to protect the skin from the sun’s harmful rays EXCEPT

\
apply oil every 2 hours

Which skin type has a rough texture with blackheads and enlarged pores?

oily

Which skin type is recognized by the shiny T-zone?

combination

An example of a subjective symptom would be:

itching

An example of a subjective symptom would be:

frequent and habitual

A disease influenced by weather is referred to as:

seasonal

A papule is an example of a

primary skin lesion

Which of the following primary lesions are small elevations of skin similar to vesicles in size and shape but contain pus

pustules

A secondary lesion appearing as round, dry patches of skin covered with rough, silvery scales is called:

psoriasis

Which of the following skin lesions usually appear as cracks or lines and often occurs when skin loses its flexibility due to exposure to wind, cold and water?

fissure

The lesion found following the normal healing process of an injury is called a(n):

scar

Which of the following terms is another name for a keratoma?

callus

Verruca is a name given to a variety of:

warts

What is the technical term for a decrease in activity of melanocytes?

leukoderma

Comedone is the technical name for:

blackhead

Pearly white, enclosed keratin-filled cysts which form a hard ball beneath the outer layer of the skin are known as:

milia

Persons exposed to excessive heat may develop small red vesicles with burning and itching of the skin called prickly heat or

\
miliaria rubra

Which of the following terms is an infection in the hair follicles caused by bacteria, shaving or clothing irritation?

folliculitis

Products that help to cleanse, soothe and smooth the skin while bringing it to a normal pH are known as:

toners

A term that is used to describe moisturizing is:

hydrating

All of the following examples are possible mechanical exfoliation methods

brush, clothes, scrubs

Which of the following skin care products removes dead skin cells by using enzymes and hydroxy acids?

chemical exfoliant

Applying pressure to motor points will have which of the following effects?

soothe and stimulate nerves and muscles

A massage can provide all of the following results EXCEPT:

weaken muscle tissue

If a client suffers from high blood pressure or has suffered a stroke, massage movements should:

be avoided since massage increases circulation

All of the following terms are basic massage movements EXCEPT:

cleansing

The gentle massage movement that often begins and ends a massage treatment is called

effleurage

Effleurage is a massage movement that involves:

light, gentle stroking or circular movement

The massage movement that consists of light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles is called:

\
petrissage

The massage movement that involves a light tapping or slapping movement while increasing blood circulation and stimulating nerves is known as:

\
tapotement

Which of the following massage movements is a circular or wringing movement usually carried out with the fingertips or palms of the hands?

friction

A shaking movement in the arms of the salon professional while the fingertips or palms are touching the client is known as:

vibration

Areas of the skin that are diseased, broken, bruised or scraped:

should not be massaged