Chapter 4

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139 Terms

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epidermis

outer layer of skin; waterproof layer that functions as protection and contains melanocytes that secrete melanin

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demis

deep layer of skin that contains the sweat and oil glands; also contains tiny muscles attached to their hair follicles

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subcutaneous layer

layer of loose connective tissue that connects the skin to the surface muscles; contains the blood vessels and fat; also called the hypodermis

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adipocytes

fat cells that make up most of the subcutaneous layer

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arrector pill muscles

tiny muscles that attach to the hair follicle

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hair

keratinized fibers that arise from hair follicles

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hair follicle

area from which hair grows; located in the dermis

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keratin

protein found in the hair and nails that promotes hardness

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keratinocytes

cells found in the epidermal layer of skin that secrete keratin and assist in waterproofing the body

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melanocytes

cells that give color to skin, eyes, and hair by secreting the pigment melanin; located in the dermis

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nail

translucent plate made of keratin that covers and protects the ends of the fingers and toes

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sebaceous glands

glands that secrete oil (sebum) into the hair follicle and onto the epidermis

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sebum

oily secretion of the sebaceous gland

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sudoriferous glands

glands that secrete sweat and assist in body temperature regulation

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adip/o

fat

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cry/o

cold

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derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o

skin

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hidr/o

sweat

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kerat/o

hard

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lip/o

fat

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myc/o

fungus

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necr/o

death

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onych/o

nail

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pachy/o

thick

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py/o

pus

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rhytid/o

wrinkle

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scler/o

hard

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seb/o

sebum (an oily secretion)

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trich/o

hair

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xer/o

dry

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a, an

without, not

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epi

on, following

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para

beside

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per

through

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cide

substance that kills

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derma

skin

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ectomy

excision, surgical removal

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itis

inflammation

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malacia

softening

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pathy

disease

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phagia

eating

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plasia

formation, growth

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plasty

surgical repair, reconstruction

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rrhea

flowing, discharge

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tome

cutting, instrument

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adipose

fat, fatty

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atypical

unusual

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circumscribed

contained to a specific area

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cyanosis

blue discoloration of the skin and other tissues

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diaphoresis

profuse sweating

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dysplasia

abnormal growth of tissue

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erythematous

condition of being red

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eschar

blackened area of burned tissue

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exfoliation

shedding of dead skin cells

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hyperplasia

exessive growth of tissue

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indurated

pertaining to an area of hardened tissue

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integumentary

pertaining to the skin and accessory structure

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pallor

abnormally pale skin coloration

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pruritic

pertaining to itching

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purulent

containing pus

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sebaceous

pertaining to sebum

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sudoriferous

pertaining to sweat

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turgor

stage of turgidity (fullness) of cells due to fluid absorption

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abrasion

injury resulting in removal or disturbance of the superficial layer of the skin

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abscess

a circumscribed collection of pus caused by bacterial infection

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acne

inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles marked by papules (pimples) and pustules (pimples with pus)

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albinism

a group of inherited disorders with deficiency of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

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burn

injury to the skin caused by heat or other means

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superficial burn

a burn involving only the epidermis; causes redness and swelling but no blisters (sunburn); commonly called a first degree burn

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partial-thickness burn

a burn involving the epidermis and dermis; usually involves blisters; commonly called a second degree burn

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full-thickness burn

a burn involving destruction of the entire skin; extends into subcutaneous fat, muscle, and/or bone and often causes severe scarring, commonly called a third degree burn

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carbuncle

collection of large localized abscesses usually arising in hair follicles and typically infected with staphylococcus bacteria

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cellulitis

inflammation of the subcutaneous connective tissue

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cicatrix

the fibrous tissue replacing normal tissue destroyed by disease or injury; commonly called a scar

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contusion

injury producing discoloration and swelling without causing a break in the skin; commonly called a bruise

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cyst

a closed sac that contains liquid or semisolid material

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decubitus ulcer

a pressure sore of the skin and underlying tissue; commonly called a bedsore

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dermatome

area of skin supplied by peripheral nerves

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eczema

inflammatory condition causing patchy redness, scales, blisters, itchiness, and burning

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exocoriation

a scratch mark on the skin

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fissure

a deep furrow, cleft, slit, or tear in the skin

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furuncle

infection of a hair follicle; commonly called a boil

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gangrene

area of necrosis (tissue death) due to lack of blood flow

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herpes simplex

an eruption of blisters on the skin caused by local infection of the herpes virus; known as cold sores when they appear on the lips

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herpes zoster

an infection caused by the herpes-virus characterized by an eruption of blisters that follows the course of affected peripheral nerves; commonly called shingles

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impetigo

a contagious bacterial skin infection typically occurring on the face in children

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jaundice

abnormal yellowing of the skin caused by bile accumulation

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keloid

an overgrowth of scar tissue

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lesion

a pathological change in tissue resulting from disease or injury

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macula

a small, flat discolored spot on the skin

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nevus

a birthmark or mole on the skin, especially one that is raised and red colored

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nodule

solid raised area located in any layer of the skin

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pupule

a small, raised, solid circumscribed area of the skin

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paronychia

inflammation and infection around the nail due to bacteria or fungi

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pediculosis

an infestation of lice

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psoriasis

skin condition marked by red, itchy scaly patches primarily on the scalp, knees, elbows, and trunk

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pustule

a small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus

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rosacea

chronic disorder of the skin causing erythematous (red areas), pupules, pustules, and increased seburn production; usually occurs on the face

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scabies

skin disease with eruptions and itching caused by mites

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tinea

fungal infection of the hair, skin, and nails; commonly called ringworm