Biology Unit 1

Big Idea (1) Evolution

adaptation of living of species overtime

Big Idea (2): Information, flow, exchange, and storage

the growth and behavior of organisms are activated through the expression of genetic information in context

Big idea (3): Structure and function

Basic units of structure define the function of all living things

Big Idea (4): Pathways and transformations of energy and matter

Biological systems grow and change by processes based upon chemical transformation pathways and are governed by the laws of thermodynamics

Big Idea (5): Systems

Living systems are interconnected and interacting

Host

Larger non-harmful organism that provides food and shelter for infectious organism

Vector

carries infectious agent (DNA segment) into host cell and infects them

Lyme Disease: Host

Host - Large animal or small animal depending on what stage of life the tick is in, gets infected with BB from the tick

Lyme Disease Vector

The tick who is carrying the BB and feeds off host meanwhile transmitting the BB onto them

Year 0 (Tick cycle, diet)

spring (eggs)

Summer, fall, winter- larva

Year 1 (Tick Cycle, diet)

spring, summer (nymph) *feeds on small animals

fall, winter (adult)* feed on large animals*

Year 2 (Tick Cycle, diet)

Spring, summer, fall, winter (adult) feed on large animals

Organism

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

Ex: Tick

Population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Ex: All the ticks in the population

Community

A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other

Ex: The ticks and plants interacting with each other

Ecosystem

A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment (living and nonliving things/ abiotic and biotic factors)

Ex: The ticks and their environment interacting with each other rocks, water, and plants

Biosphere

Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.

Biotic Factors

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment

abiotic factors

Nonliving components of environment.

Characteristics that define living things

-cellular organization of at least 1 cell

• requires energy and matter/metabolism

-maintain homeostasis(internal environment)

-respond to environment(have behavior)

-reproduce and develop(needs to grow)

-product of evolution

Abiotic factors affecting ecosystems

-Rocks

-temperature

-water

-soil

-climate

-weather

-air

• sunlight

• minerals

biotic factors affecting ecosystems

-animals

-plants

-fungi

-bacteria

-protists(single celled organisms)

Population(ticks)

a group of ticks living in the same area

community(ticks)

ticks interacting with the animals living

biotic factors affecting ticks/lyme disease

animal abundance, plant abundance,

abiotic factors affecting ticks/Lyme disease

temperature and humidity

why lyme disease is a zoonotic disease

a tick(animal) is giving the human lyme disease by biting them

climate

Overall weather in an area over a long period of time

weather

day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere, including temperature, precipitation, and other factors

Biome

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

Biome examples

-rainforest

-desert

-grassland

-forests ( deciduous and boreal)

-tundra

-water ( freshwater and marine)

Spread of Lyme Disease

caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, spread primarily by deer tick

-increase in disease due to development in wooded areas, reforestation around homes, and increase in deer populations

-habitat is spreading northward due to spreading of warming conditions and warmer winters

Spread of Lyme Disease(pt2)

-Larval ticks feed on birds and rodents

-The larvae become nymphs and it is the nymphs that feed on mammals and will accidentally bite a human and transmit the disease the bitten person

explain how abiotic factors affect organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems.

creating or altering the conditions necessary for their survival

abiotic factors that affect ticks and the spread of lyme disease

-climate

Tundra organisms

Artic fox,the caribou, polar bears and the snowy owl

Rainforest organisms

Large and small mammals, reptiles, and birds.

jaguar, toucan, capybara, sloth, anaconda, gorilla.

Desert organisms

Dry adapted plants (e.g. cacti), small mammals, reptiles, insects, birds

Savanna organisms

grasses, shrubs, lions, wildebeests

chaparral organisms

shrubs, some deciduous trees, foxes, rabbits, coyotes

Grasslands: Organisms

gazelles, zebras, rhinoceroses, wild horses, lions, wolves, prairie dogs, jack rabbits, deer, mice, coyotes, foxes, skunks, badgers, blackbirds, grouses, meadowlarks, quails, sparrows, hawks, owls, snakes, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, and spiders

temperate rainforest organisms

pacific salamander.

tree frog.

raccoon.

banana slug.

crow.

black bear.

black-tailed deer.

wolf.

plain organisms

Plains Bison.

Black-footed Ferret.

Pronghorn.

Greater Sage-Grouse.

Mountain Plover.

Swift Fox.

Plains Bison.

Black-footed Ferret.

Prairie organisms

prairie dogs, bison, elk, deer, and pronghorns

greenhouse effect

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases

global climate change

Increase in temperature and change in weather patterns all around the planet, due mostly to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels from the burning of fossil fuels. The increase in temperature, called global warming, is a major aspect of global climate change.

Impacts of climate change

effects on human society and our natural environment that are caused by changes in climate, such as rises in Earth's global temperature

Effects of the Industrial Revolution on global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration

Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide concentrations are now more abundant in the earth's atmosphere than any time in the last 800,000 years.

greenhouse gases

Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse effect.

GHG: Methane

Stays in the atmosphere for 10 years

7% produced