ISA235

Information Age

The present time, during which infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone who can use a computer

Data

raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object

Information

meaningful data

Information is data but data isnt information

information is data but data isnt information

knowledge

Skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and intelligence that creates a person's intellectual resources

Internet of things

a world where interconnected, Internet-enabled devices or "things" can collect and share data without human intervention

Business Intelligence

Information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic decision making

Analytics

the science of fact-based decision making

Business analytics

the scientific process of transforming data into insight for making better decisions

System

Collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose

Systems thinking

A way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part

Porters five forces model

Buyer power
Supplier power
Threat of substitute products or services
Threat of new entrants
Rivalry among existing competitors

Value Chain (Primary vs Support)

Views a firm as a series of business processes that each add value.
Primary: The firm acquiring raw materials, manufacturing, delivering, marketing and selling.
Support: Actual firm infrastructure such as HR, Management, Tech. Dept.

SWOT

Evaluates Strengths (inside), Weaknesses (inside), Opportunities (outside), and Threats (outside)

Big Data

Collection of large, complex data sets including structured and unstructured data which can't be analyzed using traditional database methods

MIS

Is a business function

Metrics

Measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals

Machine Learning

A type of artificial intelligence that leverages massive amounts of data so that computers can improve the accuracy of actions and predictions on their own without additional programming.

Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

the use of software with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning capabilities to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that previously required a human to perform

Business process

a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer's order

Granularity

refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process

Visualization

A graphical representation of data

artifical intelligence

Simulates human intelligence such as the ability to reason and learn

business process modeling

graphical notation that depicts the steps in a business process

Business Process Reengineering

the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises

Business process streamlining

improves efficiencies by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps

data mining

the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone

Operation

structured

managerial

Semi-structured

strategic

unstructured

Disruptive Technology

A new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing customers

sustaining technology

Produces an improved product customers are eager to buy

Web 1.0

refer to the WWW during its first few years of operation between 1991 and 2003

Ecommerce

the buying and selling of goods over the internet

Ebusiness

Includes ecommerce along with all activities related to internal and external business operations

Clickstream Data Analytics

process of collecting, analyzing and reporting data about where a website visitor visits

Disintermediation

occurs when a business sells directly to the customer online and cuts out the intermediary

clickestream data

the information of where a website visitor visits

Semantic Web

A component of Web 3.0 that describes things in a way that computers can understand

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Determines what URLs are higher up in the search engine ranking

Web 2.0

WEB used for or collaboration and sharing of data among individual users

Web 3.0

Dark and deep web, more privacy focus

Source code

contains instructions written by a programmer specifying the actions to be performed by computer software

Open Source

Software that is created for free use by everyone

closed source

any proprietary software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder

Zombie

a program that secretly takes over another computer for the purpose of launching attacks on other computers

Trojan

A program disguised as a harmless application that actually produces harmful results.

The Internet is a "network of networks" and web is just one application that uses it

TRUE

Spoofing

comes in free downloadable software and tracks online movement

malicious code

viruses, worms, and trojan horse

packet tampering

altering the contents of packets as they travel over the internet or altering data on computer disks after penetrating a network

worm

A destructive computer program that replicates and goes through computer information

Ransomware

Software that encrypts programs and data until a ransom is paid to remove it.

network behavior analysis

gathers an organization's computer network traffic patterns to identify unusual or suspicious operations

network virtualization

combines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into independent channels that can be assigned in real time to a specific device

server virtualization

combines the physical resources, such as servers, processors, and operating systems, from the applications

Storage Virtualization

combines multiple network storage devices so they appear to be a single storage device

system virtualization

ability to present the resources of a single computer

Software as a Service (SaaS)

(Everyday cloud based tools)(most common service)delivers applications over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

(Build consumer apps)supports the deployment of entire systems including hardware, networking, and applications using a pay-per-use revenue model

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

(manage resources on the cloud) delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model

high availability

Always operational

Scalability

Refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands

Maintainability

How quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes

grid computing

A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem

data steward

responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department and the business

Blockchain

A ledger that records and verifies transactions and ownership, making it difficult to tamper with or shut down.

Data granularity

extent of detail within the data

Database Management System (DBMS)

creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security

Datamart

smaller, more focused data warehouse

Data Cleansing

The process of detecting incorrect or insufficient data

data dictionary

compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model

dirty data

erroneous or flawed data

data integrity

measures quality of data

data warehouse

gathers from many different databases and makes one big database that is used to support business decision making

Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time.

IP address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Converts IP address into domains, or identifying labels that use a variety of recognizable naming conventions.

packet

The small unit into which information is broken down before being sent across a network.

digital divide

A worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology

mobile application management (MAM)

administers and delivers applications to corporate and personal smart phones and tablets

unified communications (UC)

the integration of communication channels into a single service

Geographic Information System (GIS)

stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances

Location-based services

applications that use location information to provide a service, usually on mobile phone

Integration

Allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems

Enterprise Systems

provide enterprise wide support and data access for a firm's operations and business processes

Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)

connects the plans, methods, and tools aimed at integrating separate enterprise systems

supply chain

consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in obtaining raw materials or a product

supply chain visibility

the ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain in real time

Operational CRM

Day to day front office operations dealing directly with customers

Analytical CRM

supports back-office operations and strategic analysis and includes all systems that do not deal directly with the customers

three ERP components

1. Accounting/Finance
2. Production Management
3. Human Resources

legacy system

an old system that is fast approaching or beyond the end of its useful life within an organization

Seven Phases of SDLC

1. Planning
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Development
5. Testing
6. Implementation
7. Maintenance

Agile Methodology

aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components

waterfall methodology

A sequence of phases in which the output of each phase becomes the input for the next

Prototyping

a modern design approach where the designers and system users use an iterative approach to building the system

intangible benefits

difficult to quantify or measure

tangible benefits

easy to quantify and typically measured to determine the success or failure of a project