Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation

Nursing

profession that focuses on assisting people, families, and communities to attain, recover, and maintain optimum health and function from birth to old age

Theory of animism

good spirits brought health and bad spirits brought sickness and disease

What was the role of the doctor

Medicine man

What was the role of nurse

The mother

deaconesses

religious women who served by helping the poor and the sick

What did members of the male religious do?

Gave nursing care and buried the dead

When were male and female nurses found?

During the crusades (11 to 13th century)

When did the western societies shift from a religious orientation to an emphasis on warfare exploration and expansion of knowledge?

16TH century

When was Florence Nightingale born?

1820

How old was florence nightgale when she trained as a nurse?

31 years old

Florence Nightingale

Defined nursing as both an art and a science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education; published books about nursing and health care; is regarded as the founder of modern nursing

clara barton

Volunteered to care for wounds and feed Union soldiers during the Civil War; served as the supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organizing hospitals and nurses; established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882

dorothea dix

Served as superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army during the Civil War; was given the authority and the responsibility for recruiting and equipping a corps of army nurses; was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill

Mary Ann Bickerdyke

Organized diet kitchens, laundries, and an ambulance service, and supervised nursing staff during the Civil War

Louise Schuyler

A nurse during the Civil War; returned to New York and organized the New York Charities Aid Association to improve care of the sick in Bellevue Hospital; recommended standards for nursing education

Linda Richards

Graduated in 1873 from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts, as the first trained nurse in the United States; became the night superintendent of Bellevue Hospital in 1874 and began the practice of keeping records and writing orders

Jane Addams

Provided social services within a neighborhood setting; a leader for women's rights; recipient of the 1931 Nobel Peace prize

lillian wald

Established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the Lower East Side in New York City; the founder of public health nursing

Mary Elizabeth Mahoney

Graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879 as America's first African American nurse

harriet tubman

A nurse and an abolitionist; active in the underground railroad movement before joining the Union Army during the Civil War

Nora Gertrude Livingston

Established a training program for nurses at the Montreal General Hospital (the first 3-year program in North America)

Mary Agnes Snively

Director of the nursing school at Toronto General Hospital and one of the founders of the Canadian Nurses Association

.Sojourner Truth

Provided nursing care to soldiers during the Civil War and worked for the women's movement

Isabel Hampton Robb

A leader in nursing and nursing education; organized the nursing school at Johns Hopkins Hospital; initiated policies that included limiting the number of hours in a days work and wrote a textbook to help student learning; the first president of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (now American Nurses Association).

Mary adelaide nutting

Became the first professor of nursing in the world as a faculty member of Teachers' College, Columbia University; with Lavinia Dock, published the four-volume History of Nursing

Elizabeth smellie

A member of the original Victorian Order of Nurses for Canada (a group that provided public health nursing); organized the Canadian Women's Army Corps during World War II

Lavinia Dock

A nursing leader and women's rights activist; instrumental in the Constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote

Mary Breckinridge

Established the Frontier Nursing Service and one of the first midwifery schools in the United States

Four Spheres of Nursing Care

1. Wellness , Disease prevention

2. Chronic Disease Management

3. Regenerative/Restorative care

4. Hospice/Palliative care

What ware had a enormous effect on nursing?

World War II

The word 'nurse' originated from the Latin word...

Nutrix

Nutrix

to nourish

What does nurses focus on?

Human experiences and responses to birth, health, illness, and death within the context of people, families, groups, and communities

What does the knowledge base for nursing practice include?

diagnosis, interventions, and evaluation of outcomes from an established care plan.

What are the four broad aims of nursing practice?

To promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with a disability or death.

What should a nurse incorporate to meet the aims of nursing practice?

Cognitive, technical, interpersonal, and ethical/legal

What are the nursing roles?

caregiver, communicator, teacher / educator, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator.

caregiver

The provision of care to patients that combines both the art and the science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs. As a caregiver, the nurse integrates the roles of communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disability or death. The role of caregiver is the primary role of the nurse.

communicator

The use of effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages in a wide variety of health care settings

teacher/educator

The use of communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patients and their families

counselor

The use of therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient's problem-solving and decision-making skills

leader

The assertive, self-confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning with groups.

researcher

The participation in or conduct of research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient care

advocate

the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health and lives

collaborator

The effective use of skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patient care

health

state of optimal functioning or well-being

wellness

an overall state of well-being or total health

What is health promotion motivated by?

desire to increase well being

What can a persons health be affected by?

genetic inheritance; cognitive ability; race; educational levels; culture; age and biological sex; developmental lifestyle; environment; and socioeconomic status

Health and wellness is influenced by the term....

Health literacy

What are the guidelines of Healthy People 2030

Attain healthy and thriving lives

Eliminate health disparities

Create a good environment

Engage in leadership

What is the framework for nursing activites?

Patient-centered health promotion

What does the US Department of Health and Human Services do?

leads efforts to promote good health for all Americans

Objectives of the ODPHP

Reduce illness

Promote good health

Maintain optimal functioning

What are some examples of teaching health?

Educational programs, community programs, Literature, healthy asessments in institutions

clinical nurse specialist

Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice.

nurse practitioner

a nurse with graduate training who often works as a primary care provider

nurse anesthetist

aids in the delivery of anesthesia during surgery

nurse midwife

a medically trained person who helps deliver babies

clinical nurse leader

A nurse with an advanced degree who is a clinical expert in the care of a distinct group of patients, and who may provide direct patient care

nurse educator

works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and patient education departments

Nurse Administrator

manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency

Nurse Reseacher

works in mostly academic setting, hospital, or independent professional service agency. usually holds a PhD at least a master's

Nurse Entrepreneur

A nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who may manage a clinic or health-related business, conduct research, provide education, or serve as an adviser or consultant to institutions, political agencies, or businesses

How does the ANA define continuing education?

Professional development experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health

What is nursing guided by?

A set of standards set by professional organizations and established code of ethics

In service education

instruction or training provided by a health care agency or institution

Nursing professional organization are concerned with

issues in nursing and health care, and influence health care policy and legislation

International Nursing Organization

ICN - International Council of Nurses, founded in 1899, first international organization of professional women. Share a commitment to maintain high standards of nursing service and education and by promoting ethics, the ICN provides a way for national nursing organizations to work together.

National Nursing Organizations

American Nurses Association (ANA), the National League of Nursing (NLN), and the American Association of College in Nursing (AACN). National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA).

American Nurses Association (ANA)

Professional organization that represents all registered nurses.

National League for Nurses

all nurses with individual certification are required to maintain their skills and competencies through continuing education units. Recertification may be achieved by completing CEUs or retaking the certification examination

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)

National voice for baccalaureate- & higher-degree nursing education programs

Establishes quality standards for baccalaureate- & graduate-degree nursing education, assists in implementation of those standards

American Academy of Nursing

(AAN) Recognizes Nurses who make significant contributions to nursing profession

National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)

Student-run and student-funded organization for student nurses.

What does standards allow for nursing?

nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where the health care is being provided

Nurse Practice Act

law established to regulate nursing practice

What does the standards of nursing practice address?

Key steps involved in caring for patients and key concepts that the nurse integrates into their role as a professional nurse

What reason you can get your nursing license denied, revoked, or suspended?

Professional misconduct

What are the two main waits a nurse can practice in another a state ?

Reciprocity and Nursing process

What are the five values that the AACN identify?

altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice

nursing process

five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating

What are the four health trends that the ANA identified that will affect American nurses?

Nurse shortages, job opportunities, technology, and collaboration

healthy nurse

one who actively focuses on creating and maintaining a balance and synergy of physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, personal and professional wellbeing

compassion fatigue

loss of satisfaction from providing good patient care

burnout

a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation and accompanied by lowered performance and motivation

secondary traumatic stress

feeling of despair caused by the transfer of emotional distress from a victim to a caregiver, which often develops suddenly

resilience

individuals aptitude for overcoming an adverse life circumstance with a hopeful attitude; utilizing healthy internal coping mechanisms; and utilizing external resources, such as supportive environments, mindfulness based stress refunction training, and assertive communication skills training.

REST acronym

RELATIONSHIP WITH SELF AND OTHERES

EXCERSISE