US History

difference between Middle, southern, and new england colonies?

Southern - grow cash crops - large plantation with slave labor - isolated settlements - most economic inequality -

New - Poor, rocky soil - Puritan beliefs and values - Focus on education(read bible) - fishing and shipbuilding -

Middle - no dominant ethnic or religious group - wheat farming - High religious toleration - fertle soil -

New Netherland and Its Neighbors (Dutch) (New York)

Merchants - Atlantic to Hudson R. - trade furs w/ Amer. Indians

1614 - Ft. Nassau (Ft. Orange) - Permanent colony - upper river

1625 - New Amsterdam - guarded the mouth of the river (tip of Manhattan Island)

Largest town

Finest harbor

Major seaport

Traders and farmers

No attempt to convert Amer. Indians

Push and Pull Factors (push)

Stagnant economy

Roaming poor

Religious persecution

(ENG)

Push and Pull Factors (pull)

Booming economy

High standard of living

Religiously tolerant

Push factors were stronger than pull factors in England

New sweden's economy?

(Mixed)

Fur trade

Farm grains

Ethnic diversity

Dutch

Swedes

Finns

French Protestants

Germans

Norwegians

Scots

Religious diversity

Quakers

Baptists

Anglicans

Presbyterians

Lutherans

Dutch Reformed

German Reformed

Jews

Explain how Dutch New Netherland became English New York

the English sent a fleet to seize New Netherlands, which surrendered without a fight. The English renamed the colony New York,

New Jersey Becomes a Colony

-1664- Duke of York granted lands between Hudson + Delaware R. as New Jersey

What is the social ladder?

Gentry - middle - poor

Push factors

motivate people to leave their home countries

Pull factors

attract people to a new location

William Penn

Governor of Pennsylvania, Quaker wanted peace, given Pennsylvania by King Charles II -Penn was wealthy unusual (Genrty despised Quakers)

Quakers

friends of church/society of Friends - A Christian group devoted to peaceful principles who don't believe in ministers and who try to find inner light (the Holy experiment (Penn) - an idea- people live next to each other and no kill)

Quakers beliefs

"Inner Light" to understand bible

No clergy

Men and women equal

Pacifists (did not bear arms)

Tolerated other faiths

No privileged church with tax support (Unlike Puritans MA)

How did Pennslyvanina come to be?

Land west of Delaware R. granted to Penn

Pennsylvania

Penn's woods

arrived at Pennsylvania

23 ships

2,000 colonists

Philadelphia (City of Brotherly Love) established

18,000 colonists by 1700

good about Pennsylvania

Temperate climate

Fertile soil

Navigable river

religions attracted to Pennsylvania

Middle class

Quakers

Anglicans

Baptists

Lutherans

how did Pennsylvania have peace with amer. Indians?

Avoid rebellions

Treated Amer. Indians with respect

Paid fair prices for land

Shaped economy

physical geography

Diversity in New Netherlands Thrives

Appointed governor and advisory council

No elected assembly

Religious toleration (Jews)

Diversity

Francs

Germany

Norway

Middle-class and poor

Families

Scandinavians Establish New Sweden

1638 - traders found New Sweden - lower Delaware R. - Delaware

Ft. Christina - Wilmington

Finland colonists

Pioneer farming in dense forests

Introduced frontier techniques - log cabins

Describe William Penn's relationship with the America Indians in Pennsylvania

believed strongly that Indians should be treated fairly

Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania colony with other colonies

- The Pennsylvania colony was founded on bought land, not stolen, and it allowed religious freedom and toleration of everyone. It was a middle colony and it is "the city of brotherly love". It also had a constitution unlike the other colonies and it didn't try to convert the Indians.

Analyze the importance of religious and ethnis diversity in the Middle Colonies

Diversity Leads to Tolerance

Fort nassau now

Gloucester City, New Jerse

Fort orange now

Albany, New York

New Amsterdam now

New York

New netherland now

New York

What happened with Governor (Stuyvesant)

English fleet forced Governor (Stuyvesant) surrender his colony

they renamed New netherland New York

New Jersey economy + how it effected it

New Jersey small and poor

-Dominated by larger and wealthier neighbors

-Settlers had religious freedom

-attracted a diverse population

-fostered tolerance

*East half

Puritans and Scots

*West half

Quakers

what was New York

propietary colony

New sweden now

Present-day NJ,PA,and MD

Why did the Puritans did not like the Church of England?

Anglican Church had too many cermonies from the catholic church

wanted congregation to have more control over affairs

did not like the hierachy of bishops conlled local congregation

Too catholic

Separatists

English Protestant who wished to separate from the Anglican Church, sought to reform, began their own churches

Puritans

English protestant who wanted to purify the Anglican Church; settlers of MA Bay Colony

Break the protestants down

Protestants - Puritans - separatist - Pilgrims

How did the Puritans prepare for God's saving grace?

-Leading moral lives

-Praying devoutly

-Reading the Bible

-Heeding their ministers' sermons

What did Puritans believe?

God determined who was saved

English aristocrats (The Middling sort)

-Small-property holders

-Farmers

-Shopkeepers

-Skilled artisans

-Economically ahead of much of the English population

-Reinforced values of:

-Thrift

-Diligence

-Morality

-Honored god by working hard

what did King Charles I do to Puritans?

Persecuted them - His bishops

-dismissed ministers from parishes

-censored/destroyed books

Why did Puritans go to North America?

Sought refuge

Could worship in their own churches

make laws (from Bible)

They also wanted to inspire england to adopt Puritan ways

Pilgrims

English separatists who sought relgious freedom and founded Plymouth Colony in 1620

Mayflower Compact

settlers agreed to form a government and obey laws (self-government) signed by Plymouth Colony on the ship Mayflower in 1620

John Winthrop

- led a group of Puritans to America. (First governor on MBC)(established MBC -Boston) (city upon a hill)

How did Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony

-Settlers established a republic

-Men elected (only men could vote) -Governor -Deputy governor

-Assembly

What was RI?

a haven for radical(extreme in view) Puritans

Conservative Puritans?

founded Connecticut +cut along the Connecticut River (overflown, causing debris (dangerous))

MA Bay Colony included?

Maine and Plymouth

Connecticut absorbed New Haven

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south (-settlers should not take land from American Indians (had to buy it)

(was a Puritan, and got kicked out)

Anne Hutchinson

An American religious leader

Argued MA hadnt broken away from Anglican ways

Angered authorities

Seemed more dangerous

Thought only men shoul sway the public

Was banished from Ma to Portsmouth, RI

What did Ri become

RI became a haven for religious toleration

-attracted baptists

-Quakers

-Jews

-Separated church and state

-thought mixing them corrupted religion

Salem Witch Trials

New England Colonies persecuted witches

-Cattle and kids died;

-thought it was evil magic

Witches were identified, neutralized, and prosecuted

Victims blamed neighbors to bear them ill will

In Salem, MA-1692

Tried and executed 19 suspected witches

-Prominent families (governor's wife) were under suspicion; dropped further trials

What did Puritans think of American indians

Lazy savages

What did colonists do to the land?

Colonists made land look like England

--Built English styled houses

-barns

-Mills

-churches

-Introduced domesticated cattle

-Sheep

-horses

-pigs

-Killed animals who preyed on livestock

The Pequot War

-Puritans traded fur with Pequots

-Relationship was uneasy

-Rivalry over control of trade

-Led to Pequot War = A short outbreak of violence between English colonists and the Pequot Indians in 1636, during which a Pequot village was set afire, killing between 600 to 700 inhabitants

King Philip's War

Indians rebelled against the English colonists

Metacom

Chief of the Wampanoag Indians was known to the colonists and "King Philip"

what did metacom do

Led attacks against the Plymouth Colony

-American Indians raided English settlements

-With guns from traders, American Indians demolished New England settlements

-Rebels began to starve

-Crops destroyed by colonial counter attacks

-American Indians ran out of ammunition

-Metacom died in battle

-1000 English colonists/300 American Indians killed

-American Indians lost remaining lands -southern New England

-Survived on little remaining land

-Surrounded by colonists

-92,000 colonists outnumbered 9000 American Indians

-American Indians fled to Canada

-French waged war and the Indians sought revenge (friends with native Americans +french)

-Attacked New England frontier

Explain why some Puritans left England

Thought Anglican Church was too catholic - King Chrales also persecuted them, forcing them to leave and start their own colony (refuge)

Describe the Purtian colony in Massachusetts and explain why RI CT and NH were founded

MA - established a republic

NH + Maine emerged - Puritans settled in Anglican fishing communites

CT - conservitave puritans +

Analyze the relationship between New Engladers and American indians

it was uneasy. Relationships deteriorated as the Puritans continued to expand their settlements aggressively and as European ways increasingly disrupted native life.

Charter

certificate of permission from the crown

Joint-stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

John Smith

People only wanted gold. No one Made food. becomes the leader making people work together.

-Wants to create farmland for profit

Who was saved by Pocahontas

John Smith

royal colony

owned by the king

Bacon's Rebellion CAUSES

-settlers moved further west; threatened Indians

-Governeor Berkeley passes high taxes

-war erupted; settlers wanted to exerminate the Indians

-Settlers rebelled under leadership of Bacon

-Bacon and his men slaughtered Indians

-Septemeber 1676 - Berkeley protested

- Bacon marched on Jamestown

Bacon's Rebellion EFFECTS

Drove out the governor and burned the town (Jamestown)

-month later; Bacon died; rebellion ended

-Berkeley regained power; then replaced

- Rebellion proved that poor colonists would not tolerate a government that caters to the wealthy (long term effect) (felt taxes were not affordable)

order of rulers(law)

King - governor - house of burgeses

Maryland/Lord Baltimore

safe place for Catholics

What was SC known for?

rice, indigo

Georgia/James Oglethorpe

haven for debtors.

What was NC known for?

tobacco

what were the strict rules of georgia?

-No slaves

-No liquor

-No more than 50 acres of land

Why did England want colonies and how were they planned?

Goal - to increase England's power + advance their fortunes

Solve Englands problems

Growing population

Increased poverty

Discuss the settlement of Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia

Lord Baltimore was given Maryland and founded it as a colonial refuge to catholics. The Carolinas were officially owned by English aristocrats, and they were run by governors who worked with elected assemblies. Georgia started as a proprietary colony but became a royal colony in 1752.

Struggles of Jamestown

Swamps (create soil that is wet.)

Good defense

Disease carrying - mosquitoes (malaria)

- Hunger and death - 80% died

What saves jamestown?

Tobacco

-John Rolfe brought it

-Very addictive, so they made a profit from all of the nearby tribes buying it.

Overall contributed to economic improvements of the colony

HEADRIGHT SYSTEM

Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.

Powhatan

Was the chief

-Feared the loss of his people

-Wanted to trade (metal weapons) with English

-Used them to conquer his enemies

First representative government in the colonies

House of Burgesses

Why was Raleigh not able to colonize Roanoke the first time? 2nd?

Sandy soil = no crops

Mysteriously vanished

Sir Walter Raleigh

founder of England's first American colony (Roanoke) (wealthy gentleman)

Ship poor people to work in the new colony

Mine gold and silver

Grow crops on plantations

What did Bacon's Rebellion show?

That government could not ignore the demands of its people

Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery

ships that brought settlers to Jamestown

Proprietary Colonies

Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king.

Virginia company tries again

-Fertile land

-good harbors

-navigable rivers = james river

Founded the colony of Jamestown

-Protected them from Spanish ships

-Unprotected from Native American attacks

At war with American Indians

1609- ear broke out with staving colonists

1613- colonists kidnapped Pocahontas (Powhatan's daughter)

She converted to Christianity

Married John Rolfe

- Powhatan made peace fearing war

1819- Powatan died: Opechancanough (his brother) took control; hated colonists

Colonists could own farmland as private property (tobacco crop)

Corn

Squash

Beans

How was Opechancanough killed?

Counterattacks destroyed crops and villages = starvation (natives)

-Opechancanough made peace

-Another war broke out

Explain the relationship between American Indians and settlers in the southern colonies

many violent attacks between them. English was taking their land Indians did not want that to happen. (The Algonquin Indians Fight Back)

indentured servant

1. Poor immigrants who paid for passage to the colonies by agreeing to work for 4-7 years. (contracted servant)

triangular trade

Traders in enslaved people sailed from Europe to Africa, where they traded manufactured goods for enslaved Africans

Middle Passage

the forced transport of enslaved Africans from Africa to the American colonies by ship