Chapter 10 Cardiovascular system

Angi/o

Vessel (usually refers to blood vessels) Ex. Angioplasty

Aort/o

Aorta

Arteri/o

Artery

Atri/o

Atrium

Cardi/o

heart (ex. cardiologist people treat heart)

lymph/o

lymph, lymph tissue

lymphaden/o

lymph node (adeno is gland so lymph node)

myel/o

bone marrow ( don’t mix up with myo)

phleb/o, ven/o

vein (phlebotomist draws blood from veins)

phelbitis

vein inflammation

angiostenosis

vessel narrowing

splenomegaly

spleen enlargement

Ather/o

yellowish, fatty plaque (atherosclerosis)

ech/o

sound (echocardiogram)

electr/o

electricity, electrical activity

isch/o

deficiency, blockage (ischemia)

thromb/o

clot (thrombosis is a blood clot)

Brady-

slow

pan-

all, total (pandemic effects all the body)

tachy-

fast, rapid

poly-

many, much

-apheresis

removal (plasmapheresis is donating plasma from blood)

-penia

abnormal reduction in number

-sclerosis

hardening (atherosclerosis)

-rrhage

excessive flow

atherosclerosis

hardening of the yellow fatty plaque

bradycardia

slow heart

angioma

tumor composed of blood vessels

angiosttenosis

narrowing of the blood vessels

erythrocytopenia

abnormal reduction of red blood cells

leukocytopenia

abnormal reduction of white blood cells

pancytopenia

abnormal reduction of all blood cells

thrombocytopenia

abnormal reduction of blood clottting cells (platelets)

Thyoma

tumor of thymus gland

lymphoma

tumor of lymphatic tissue

multiple myeloma

tumor of bone marrow

hematoma

tumor of blood

angioma

tumor of blood vessel

endocarditis

inflammation of inner lining of heart

myocarditis

inflammation of muscle of heart

pericarditits

inflammation of sac surrounding the heart

phlebitis

inflammation of vein

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of. vein associated with a blood clot

valvulitits

inflammation of valve of the heart

cardiomegaly

Enlargement of heart

splenomegaly

enlargement of spleen

ischemia

deficiecy in blood flow

spleen

stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells

Arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

atherosclerosis

hardening of the fatty plaque

bradycardia

slow heart rate

tachycardia

fast heart rate

thrombosis

abnormal condition of a blood clot (different from thrombus which is the clot)

thrombus

blood clot attached to the interior wall of an atery or vein and remains there

anemia

condition in which there is a reduction in the numer of erythrocytes (RBS’s)

aneurysm

ballooning of a weakened portion of an aterial wall

atrial fibrillation (afib)

cardiac arrhythmia characteriazed by chatotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria

arrthymia

lack of regular rhythm of heart beat

angina pectoris

chest pain which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when ther is an insufficent supply of blood to the heart muscle

thalassemia

inherited bleeding disorder causing reduced production of healthy blood cells and hemoglobin

cardiac arrest

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resucitation (CRP)

heart failure

condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

Mitral valve stenosis

narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

hypertensive heart disease

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure

coronary artery disease

Condition that reduces flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally; most often caused by coronary atherosclerosis (CAD is a common cause of heart failure and myocardial infarction)

myocardial infraction

death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (heart attack) 

embolus

blood clot of foreign material such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves through it until it lodges at another point in the circulation

sickle cell disease

group of inherited red blood cell disorders (anemias) where hemoglobin is abnormally shaped and has a short life cycle.

hemophilia

inherited bleeding disorder most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII

leukemia

malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes (WBC) formed in the bone marrow.

sepsis

systemic inflammatory response caused by usually bacteria, entering the bloodstream and multiplying; life threatening. Overwhelming presence of pathogens in the blood is called septicemia

infectious monocucleosis

acute infection caused by the epstein barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and fever. Affects mostly young people and is often transmitted by saliva.

hodgkin disease

–malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of lymph nodes

intermittent claudication

condition of pain, tension and weakness in a limb that starts when walking, increases until walking is no longer possible – completely resolves when patient is at rest.

endarterectomy

excision within the artery (excision of plaque from the arterial wall)

valvuloplasty

surical repair of caraic or venous valve

angioplasty

surgical repair of a blood vessel

atherectomy

excision of a fatty plaque

splenectomy

excision of the spleen

pericardiocentesis

surgical puncture to aspirate the fluid surrounding the heart

coronary stent

Supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery;
used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy; used to treat an artery occluded by plaque

pacemaker

Battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm, usually one that is too slow

CABG

Coronary artery bypass graft Surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries.

PTCA

Percutanrous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Balloon is advanced into the coronary artery to the area where plaque has formed. Balloon is inflated, the vessel wall expands, allowing blood to flow more freely.

Bone marrow aspiration

Procedure to obtain a sample of liquid portion of bone marrow usually from the ilium (upper hip bone) for study; used to diagnose leukemia, infections, some types of anemia, and other blood disorders

bone marrow biopsy

Procedure to obtain a sample of the solid portion of bone marrow , usually from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose leukemia, infections, some types of anemia, and other blood disorders. May be performed at the same time as a bone marrow aspiration.

bone marrow transplant

Infusion of healthy bone marrow cells from a matched donor into a patient with severely diseased or damaged bone marrow; the donor cells may establish a colony of new, healthy tissue in the recipient's bone marrow.

Cardiac Catheterization

Diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart from a from a blood vessel in the groin or arm to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels; used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease

Exercise Stress Test

Study that evaluates cardiac function ___ during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill. Electrocardiography is the most common method, but echocardiography, and nuclear medicine scanning (diagnostic imaging tests) can also be used to measure cardiac function while exercising

Coagulation Time

Blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)

Blood test used to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Heparin, an intravenous anticoagulant medication

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Warfarin, an oral anticoagulant medication

Lipid Profile

Blood test used to measure the amount and type of lipids (fat-like) in a sample of blood. Used to evaluate risk of cardiovascular disease.

Hematocrit (Hct)

Percentage of a blood sample that is composed of erythrocytes. It is used in the diagnosis evaluation and evaluation of anemic patients

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Blood test that measures the amount of hemoglobin (protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen) in the blood

Echocardiogram (ECHO)

Record of the heart (structure and motion) using sound (waves); (used to detect valvular disease and evaluate heart function) Ultrasound to record structure and motion of heart.

Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

Record of the electrical activity of the heart

Cardiogenic

Originating in the heart

Sphygmomanometer

Device used to measure blood pressure

Hematologist

Physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood