ISA 235 Exam 2

Backup

An exact copy of a system’s information

Recovery

The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure that includes restoring the information backup

Hot site

A separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business

Cold Site

A separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster

Warm Site

A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration

Disaster Recovery Plane

Provides a detailed process for recovering information or a system in the event of a catastrophic disaster

Business Continuity Plan

Detail how a company recovers and restores critical business operations and systems after a disaster or extended disruption

Emergency Preparedness

Ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely, and effective manner

Accessibility

Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system

Availability

Refers to the time frames when the system is operational

Maintainability

Refers to how quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes

Portability

Refers to the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms, such as different operating systems

Reliability

Ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information

Scalability

How well a system can “scale up” or adapt to the increased demands of growth

Usability

Degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use

Serviceability

How quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the term of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or avaiability

Grid Computing

A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem

Cloud Computing

The use of resources and applications hosted remotely on the internet

Virtualization

The creation of multiple “virtual” machines on a single computing device

Data Center

A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A service that delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and storage over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Delivers applications over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Supports deployment of entire systems including hardware, networking, and applications using a pay-per-use revenue model

Dynamic Scaling

The MIS infrastructure can be automatically scaled up or down based on needed requirements

Public Cloud Computing

Owned and operated by a third-party cloud service providers, which delivers their computing resources, like servers and storage, over the internet

Hybrid Cloud Computing

Combination of public and private clouds. Can connect cloud-based resources and existing resources that are not located in the cloud

Private Cloud Computing

Cloud computing resources used exclusively by a single business or organization

Accuracy

the correctness of values

Completeness

The completion of values

Consistency

Summary data is in agreement with detailed data

Uniqueness

Each transaction, entity, and event is represented only once in the data

Timeliness

The data is current with respect to the business requirements

Data Granularity

Refers to the extent of detail within the data

Transactional Data

EX. Withdrawing cash from an ATM, making an airline reservation, purchasing stock, etc.

Analytical data

External organizational data such as market, industry, and economic conditions

Data Stewardship

The management and oversight of an organization’s data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner

Data Steward

Responsible for ensuring policies and procedures are implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department and the business

Data Governance

Refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data

Master Data Management (MDM)

The practice of gathering data and ensuring that it is uniform, accurate, consistent, and complete

Data Validation

Includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance policies to ensure correctness of data

Database

Maintains data about various types of objects, events, people, and places

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

Allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database

Data Element

The smallest or basic unit of data

Data Model

Logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures

Metadata

details about data

Data Dictionary

Compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model

Entity

Person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which data is stored (rows)

Attribute

the data elements associated with an entity (columns)

Record

A collection of related data elements

Primary Key

A field that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table

Foreign Key

A primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide logical relationship among the two tablesS

Performance

Measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transactionD

Data Redundancy

The duplication of data or storing the same data in multiple placesDa

Data Integrity

Measure the quality of data

Integrity Constraint

rules that help ensure the quality of data

Data Warehouse

a logical collection of data that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks

Data Aggregation

Collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing

Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)

Process that extracts data from internal and external databases, transforms the data using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the data into a data warehouse

Data Mart

contains a subset of data warehouse data

Data lake

a storage repository that holds a vast amount of raw data in its original format until the business needs it

Dirty Data

Erroneous or flawed data

Data Cleansing or scrubbing

process that weeds out and fixes or discard inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete data

Data Visualization

technologies that allow users to “see” or visualize data to transform data into a business perspective

Business Intelligence dashboard

Tracks corporate metrics such as critical success factors and key performance indicators and include advances capabilities such as interactive controls allowing users to manipulate data for analysis

Blockchain

Type of distributed ledger, consisting of blocks of data that maintain a permanent and tamper-proof record of transactional data

Genesis block

the first block created in the blockchain

Hash

A function that converts and input of letters and numbers into an encrypted output of a fixed length

Networks and telecommunications

the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication

Local Area Network (LAN)

Connects a group of computers in proximity, such as in an office building, school, or home

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Spans a large geographic area such as a state, province, or country

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A large computer network, usually spanning a city

Internet

The global system of interconnected computer networks that uses Internet protocol suite to communicate between networks and devices

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit of time

Bit

the smallest element of data and has a value of either 0 or 1

Byte

a collection of bits used to represent letters, numbers, or symbols

Bit Rate

the number of bits transferred or received per unit of time

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

a means by which portable devices can connect wirelessly to a local area network, using access points that send and receive data via radio waves

Wi-Fi Infrastructure

The inner workings of a Wi-Fi service or utility, including the signal transmitters, towers, or poles and additional equipment required to send out a Wi-Fi signal

Radio Access Network (RAN)

Technology that connects individual devices to other parts of a network through radio connections

5G

The fifth-generation wireless broadband technology based on the 802.1ac standard engineered to greatly increase the speed and responsiveness of wireless networks

Wi-Fi 6

the next generation of Wi-Fi expected to operate at 9.6 Gbps

Benefits of Wireless Networks

* Reduce Costs
* Improve customer service
* Offers real-time diagnostics
* Enhances mobility
* Supports real-time data
* Promotes remote work
* Improved Security

Personal Area Networks (PAN)

provides communication over a short distance that is intended for use with devices that are owned and operated by a single user

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

A local area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data

Wireless MAN (WMAN)

a metropolitan area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data

Wireless WAN (WWAN)

A wide area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data

Bluetooth

Wireless PAN technology that transmits signals over short distances between cell phones, computers, and other devices

Access Point

The computer or network device that serves as an interface between devices and the network

Wireless access point

enables devices to connect to a wireless network to communicate with each other

Multiple-in/multiple-out technology

Multiple transmitters and receivers allowing them to send and receive greater amounts of data than traditional networking devices

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)

A communications technology aimed at providing high-speed wireless data over metropolitan are networks

Smart Phone

Offer more advanced computing ability and connectivity than basic cell phones

3G

A service that brings wireless broadband to mobile phones

Streaming

A method of sending audio and video files over the internet

Satellite

A space station that orbits the earth receiving and transmitting signals from earth based station over a wide are

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

An encryption algorithm designed to protect wireless transmission data

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)

A wireless security protocol to protect Wi-Fi netowkrs

War Chalking

The practice of tagging pavement with codes displaying where Wi-Fi access is available

War Driving

Deliberately searching for Wi-Fi signals while driving by in a vehicle

SSL Certificate

An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company