Unit 2 - Japan - Social 8 (FULL CHAPTERS 12-16)

Archipelago

a long chain of many islands

isolation

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Shinto

The traditional religion of Japan (a mix of Confucianism and Buddhism)

Ainu

Japan's Indigenous people

Amaterasu

Japanese sun goddess

descendant

the emperor of Japan was believed to be a \_________ of the sun goddess

small

Japan is a series of \_____ islands

80

mountains and steep valleys cover about \___% of Japan's land causing most of the country uninhabitable

18

Only about __% of the land is level and good for agriculture and settlement

Kanto Plain

The largest flat piece of land in Japan is the \_____ \_____ which is less than 200 kilometres

coast

The habitable areas of Japan are densely populated and are mainly along the \______.

4

Japan is an archipelago which consists of more \____ main islands and 3000 smaller islands

Hokkaido

main Japanese island 1

Honshu

main Japanese island 2

Shikoku

main Japanese island 3

Kyushu

main Japanese island 4

Kanji

Japan had some contact with China and adopted some of its cultural elements. They borrowed Chinese handwriting characters and called them \________.

Kana

Overtime Japanese started to create their own language and called in \_______

rituals

Celebrations and \_______ usually marked the start of a new season and played an important role in their way of life in Japan

cherry blossoms

\___________ \______ were the most beloved flower and they represented many things such as new beginnings, beauty, and the shortness of life

Kamuy

The Ainu were the indigenous people of the Japanese. They were looked down upon. The Ainu regraded things such as fire, water, wind, thunder, animals, and plants as gods called \_______.

kami

Shinto is the ancient Japanese religion. Shinto is based on the belief that sacred spirits called \_____ take the form of objects in nature such as mountains, tress and stones.

matsuri

Festivals called \______ are held throughout the year to celebrate and please the kami

Stoic

A person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining as well as learn how to adjust and adapt.

natural disasters

Japans geographic location causes them to be a target for many types of \_______ \______ such as hurricanes, typhoons, and tsunamis

Rice

\____ was the main food of Japan, although most could not afford it.

currency

For centuries rice was used as a \______ in Japan

rice

For tax purposes land was appraised by how much \_____ it could produce

rice

A persons worth in Japan was also determined by \______ production. Even a lords rank and wealth was determined by how much \____ was produced in his territory

homogenous society

a great unified family with common values and beliefs

1853

On July 14th \_____ Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into the Edo Bay (Tokyo Bay) with 2 steamships, 2 sailing vessels, 977 men and 66 guns.

trade

When Commodore Perry arrived he presented the Japanese with a letter asking them to open up for \______. He said he would return for the Japanese answer to these demands he had made in the letter

1854

Commodore Perry arrived in Japan again with more troops and eight black ships in \_______.

Treaty of Kanagawa

During the time Commodore Perry returned the \_____ \__ \_______ was signed by the shogunate. This opened Japan up for trade.

1858

In \______ a treaty giving the US further trading rights over Japan was signed. During the same year, \_____, Japan signed similar treaties with places such as Russia, England, France and the Netherlands

unhappy

Many Japanese were \_________ with the treaties that they had signed as they saw them as unfair and they had also lost control over their trade.

Manifest Destiny

The Americans believed they had the right to order around the Japanese as they had an expansionist and ethnocentric worldview called the \______ \____

Manifest Destiny

A belief the United States had as mission to spread their territory and ideas about democracy and economics around the world.

loss

One of the main reasons the Japaneses signed the Treaty of Kanagawa was because they saw the Americans as superior to them and saw that this was a battle that they would \______.

Sovereignty

Another reason the Japanese ended their isolation as that they did not want to engage in war with the United States and they wanted to maintain their \___________.

Sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

weak

After the signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa the people saw the Shogun as \______ and they started to riot and engage in acts of violence in the streets. The people who opposed the Shogun were put under arrest.

1868

In \____ the Shogun resigned, and the emperor was put back in power

Civil War

\_____ \____ broke out between those who wanted the emperor in power and those who wanted the shogun in power. The opposition was destroyed by the emperors troops and a new era began

Prince Mutsuhito

\______ \_____ was made emperor at the age of 14 and was given the name "Meiji" which meant "enlightened rule"

Meiji Restoration

The first few years of the emperors restore to power was called the \_________ \________. He passed in 1912 and that period of time was known as the Meiji Period

Oligarchy

The emperor being 14 created a council of trusted advisors called an \______ or the imperial council

Five Charter Oath

The oligarchy/imperial council stated that the new aims of Japanese society were the \______ \____ \_____

economic and military

The oligarchy/imperial council also realized that to stay independent they needed strong \_____ \_____ \_____ power and control

Five Charter Oath 1

Everyone is Japan shall have a say in government and all matters decided by public discussion

Five Charter Oath 2

All classes high and low shall unite and shall contribute equally to society (equality)

Five Charter Oath 3

Everyone shall be allowed to pursue their own calling in life

Five Charter Oath 4

Evil customs of the past shall be broken and everything based on the just of laws of nature

Five Charter Oath 5

Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world to strengthen the foundations of Japan.

daimyo

Meiji's leaders took the \____ land and gave it to the state.

samurai

the \________ system was abolished by the government

Merchants

Peasants, artisans, and merchants were now allowed to pursue any jobs they wished. \______ were leading Japans economic growth.

lower

Commoners were given new rights after the five charter oath. They were allowed to choose where they would live and what occupation they would pursue. The old rules about clothing and marriage were no longer enforced and the \_______ class could now own land.

education

Meiji's leaders wanted to change the Japaneses \________ system and make it like the ones in the west. They believed that \______ citizens would make a richer and stronger country.

Industrial Revolution

The \________ \_______ happened in Japan as modernization started to occur. In places like Europe and North America it had taken quite a long time. However in Japan it was an intense \______ \____ over a very short period of time compared to Europe and North America

Japanese

To help during the industrial revolution the \________ sent people out into the world to learn about new things and these people visited places like Europe and the United States to learn about western culture, ship-building, military science, factory construction and medicine to help advance Japan.

economic system

Japan created a new \__________ \__________ based off the one that was created in Europe during the Renaissance period. The Japanese built large and essential businesses and sold the products at a low price which kept their economy stable and created stimulated economic growth.

Westernization

Most of what happened in Japan could fall under the title of \___________.

Westernization

adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture

"Civilization and Enlightenment"

The motto of Westernization was" \_______ \____ \________".

Meiji

The \______ government saw the treaties they had signed to be unfair and thought that if they became a westernized country then Japan would be viewed as equal to the US and other countries and the treaties would be revised.

traditions

Many Japanese saw that they were going too far into Westernization and that their \_______ customs and values were being ignored. They soon realized that the westerners were not going to revise the treaties and backlash against Westernization set within the people.

backlash

a strong public reaction against something

slow

The Meiji government started to see that unrest within the people and started to \_____ the process of Westernization in Japan.

Japaneses Essence and Western Science

They dropped the motto of "Civilization and Enlightenment" for a new motto of "\______ \_____ \____ \_______ \_____"

military

The Meiji government began to take steps to strengthen their \______ so that could protect themselves against other countries. They also did this as they saw this in the west.

China

To test Japans new military power they went to war against \______ over Korea. This war resulted in a victory for them. However places like Russia, France, and Germany stepped in and took Korea away from them.

1904

The Japanese were upset as they still were not seen as equals as well as the fact that the westerners interred. Japan built their military strength back up and in \____ they launched a surprise attach on Russia.

Korea

In the surprise attack they gained \_____ back and were seen as an imperial power.

Confucianism

system of beliefs; taught that people need to have a sense of duty to family and community in order to bring peace to society.

goningumi

group responsibility and group shame

honour and duty

Society during Edo period revolved around \______ and \_________

up

tax goes \_____

up

loyalty goes \_____

Tokugawa period

Edo period is also known as the \________ \________

1600-1868

Edo period lasted from \____ to \_____

land

Japan had a feudal hierarchy during Edo period based on \______

down

duty goes \_______

3

There was only social mobility between the \____ lower classes (Merchants/Artisans/Peasants)

hereditary

The positions in the Japanese feudal hierarchy were \________

emperor

The \______ was the figurehead of the Japanese feudal hierarchy

shogunate

council of advisors for the shogun

shogun/shogunate

\_______ was the political leader in the Japanese feudal hierarchy

warrior class

The shogun/shogunate, Daimyo, Samurai, and Ronin were all a part of the \_________ \______

emperor

Only the \_______ was a part of the figurehead

Daimyo

\_______ were the nobles of the Japanese feudal hierarchy

Samurai

\______ were the warriors of the Japanese feudal hierarchy

Ronin

\_____ were the paid soldiers of the Japanese feudal hierarchy

Peasants

\_____ were the farmers and fishers of the Japanese feudal hierarchy. They were more respected than the merchants because they did the work and did not feed of the work of others.

90

Peasants made of \____% of the Japanese feudal hierarchy

Artisans

\_______ were the crafts people of the Japanese feudal hierarchy

Merchants

\__________ were the sales people of the Japanese feudal hierarchy. They were looked down upon as they fed of the hard work of others around them.

fileal peity

respect for elders

Shinto

\_______ was the Japanese religion. It was made up of a mix of Buddhism and Confucianism.

above

Christian missionaries taught the Japan to believe in one god instead of the people in the class \______ them