PEEE

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504 Terms

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force

change in state of a object resulting from the interaction of another object .

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force equation

mass x acceleration

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weight

· force exerted on body due to gravity·

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weight equation

weight = mass x gravity

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inertia

The reluctance of a body to change its state of motion.

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mass

The quantity of matter found in a body or object

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torque

the rotational effect of a force

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tourque eq

Force X Lever arm

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moment of inertia

tendency for a body/object to resist changes in rotation

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moment of inertia eq

Mass x radius2

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Conservation of Angular momentum

The total Angular momentum of a system is conserved (doesn't change) throughout the rotation

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Conservation of Momentum-

he total momentum of a system before a 'collision' is equal to the total momentum after the collision .

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summation of mementum

Where body parts move in a sequence and timing in order to maximise momentum

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5 ways to max momentum

Use of many body parts as possible Activation of stronger/larger muscles first Transfer of momentum from one body part to another when at maximum velocity Stable base present for maximal acceleration - Ensure an appropriate follow

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linear momentum

how much motion an object or body has

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linear momentum equation

Mass x velocity

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angular momentum equation

moment of Inertia x Angular velocity

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angular momentum

How much angular motion an object or body has

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impulse

change in the momentum

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impulse equation

Force x time

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how to change momentum

Apply a force over a long period of time (reduce peak force) Apply greater force over short period,

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linear distance

path travelled from start to finish, regardless of direction

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linear dicplacment

difference from the initial position to the final position

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angular distance

distance covered by a rotating body

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angular dicplamcent

difference between the initial and final angular position of an object

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linear speed

how quickly an object covers distance

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linear speed eq

Distance/ Time

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linear velocity

The rate of change of position of an object with respect to time.

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linear velocity eq

Displacement / Time

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linear acceleration

change in velocity

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linear acceleration eq

Change in velocity/ Change in time-

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angular speed

The angular distance covered divided by the time taken to complete the motion

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angular speed eq

angular distance/ time

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angular velocity

rate of change of the angular displacement of a body over time

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angular velocity eq

Angular Displacement/ time

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angular acceleration

how quickly a body changes its angular position

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angular acceleration equation

change in angular velocity/time

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friction

two surface come in contact with eachother

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drag

object moving through air will exerience a drag force going the other direction

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law 1 linear

An object will stay at rest or continue to travel in the SAME direction at a constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force

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law 2 linear

the rate of acceleration of a body is proportional to the force applied to it and in the direction in which the force is applied. F= MxA.

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law 3 linear

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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law 1 angular

The angular momentum of a body remains constant unless acted up by an external torque.

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law 2 angular

a torque applied to a body will produce a change in angular motion proportional to the size and direction of the torque, and is inversely proportional to moment of inertia.

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law 3 angular

For every torque there is an equal and opposite torque.

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first class lever

resistance and force are on either side of the axis

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secound class lever

resistance is between the force and axis

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third class lever

force is between the resistance and the axis

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lever arm

Total distance from axis to end of the lever

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force arm

the distance from the axis to the force

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resistance arm

Total distance from axis to resistance / load

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Mechanical advantages of levers

The measurement of whether lever system is designed to multiply force or speed

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mech advantage equation

Force arm/resistance arm

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2nd Class advantage

multiply force greater than one force arm longer than resistance arm

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3rd class advatages

multiply speed, increase velocity (and range of motion) less than one resistance arm longer than force arm

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Significance of lever arm length

Using a bat or raquet= increase the distance from the axis to the resistance so the resistance arm is much longer than the force arm.

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projectile

an object or body is launched into the air and only affected by gravity and air resistance,

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Projectile motion-

factors that influence the flight path of the projectile.

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vertical component

Vertical component = maximising height achieved by projectile Gravity works against vertical motion

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horizontal

Affected by air resistance horizontal distance covered

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speed of release

Greater speed of release= projectile travel further

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angle of release

To decrease max heigh and flight time= smaller angle of release To increase max height and flight time- larger angle of release

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height of release

greater height of release= greater distance horizontal due to longer flight time

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pos height of release

height of release greater than landing height, reduce angle to less than 45

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neg height of release

release height lower than landing height, increase angle to more than 45

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flat height of release

angle of 45

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Qualitative movement analysis

Analysis that is used to IMPROVE human movement

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Qualitive vs quantitative movement analysis

Qualitative is non-numerical : is a description of the quality/characteristics of the performance Quantitative- involves numerical data

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4 steps

preperation observation evaluation error correction

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Preparation

coach establish to collect footage of her technique and what criteria she will use to analyse the technique,

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Observation

Observation- then collect data by either making a digital recording or recording success or notes on what the coach sees

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Evaluation

Evaluation- then review data using criteria to assess strengths and required improvement, this may include consideration of biomechanical principles.

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Error Correction

Error Correction/ Intervention - providing feedback and strategies in order to improve the skill

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direct observation advantages

immediate changes made player fatigue viewed

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direct observation disadvatges

cannot compare future performance need to rely on memory cant view multiple player at once opinion based decisions

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Direct observation with statistics advat

data stored for future establish player profiles

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Direct observation with statistics disadvatges

difficult to record and view at once vision obstructed

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video advatges

replay players can observe slow down observed by mulptple coaches

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video disad

expensive requre expertise

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shorter stick for golf

short sticks have less moment of inertia, as mass is located closer to axis, which increases angular velocity.

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Aerobic power tests

Multi stage fitness test 2.4 km run test

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Local muscular endurance tests

60 s pushup, fixed arm hang test

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Muscular strength

1RM bench press grip stregnth dynamonter

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Muscular power

bball throw, verticle jump

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Anaerobic capacity

phos recover, 30 secound wingate test

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Speed

20 and 35m sprint test

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Agility

· Illinois agility test- Semo agility test

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Flexibility

· Trunk flexion test (sit and reach) Ankle extension test-

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Body composition

· Body mass index- Measurement of weight and height · Waist circumference- Measure circumference of waist · Skinfold measurements- Measure the volume of fat through pinching layers of skin

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warm up purpose

prepare the body physiologically and psychologically for the conditioning phase increase physiological repsonces muscle temp blood flow

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stages

5-10 mins low intensity (50%) continous dynamic stretches sports specific phase

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cool down purpose

return to resting levels in the most efficient way possible return physiological state prevent venous pooling remoive metabolic by products

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Tapering -

reduction in training Volume ( not intensity) that allows the athlete the time for extra recovery and their energy stores to be fully replenished

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peaking

· planning training so the athlete reaches their optimum state of readiness to perform at a particular, pre-determined time

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training diarie

A personal monitoring tool which can record both objective and subjective training information

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physioloigcal, phycological and sociocultral info in training diary

physioligical- hr, rr, sweating physch- motivation, stress, confidence socio- temp, weather, time

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didgital activity trackers

· wearable technology such as smart watches, chest straps, wristbands, GPS trackers

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benefits

· Immediate feedback · Highly accurate and valuable information

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digital aplication softwear

Mobile apps provide an easy and accessible way to record and analyse movement statistics in real time

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benefits

· connect users with others to compete , provide support and motivation built in GPS