HOSA sports medicine vocab

anatomy

the structural makeup of the human body or any of its parts

physiology

the function of the human body's systems

kinesiology

the study of the principles of body mechanics and anatomy as they relate to human movement

neurology

the study of the nervous systems and its conditions

pathology

the study of the structural and functional changes produced by disease or injury

etiology

the causes of injury of illness

physical therapy

the branch of allied medicine that treats disease by physical and mechanical means (using massage, exercise, water, heat, cold, light, and electricity)

rehabilitation

restoring an individual back to his/her former health or useful activity

conditioning

preparing an athlete for exercise through mental and physical training

flexibility

stretching exercises designed to warm

isometrics

exercises utilizing muscles or muscle groups pressing against immovable objects

isotonics

exercises bringing a muscle or muscle group through its movement against resistance (ex. weights)

isokinetics

exercises bringing a muscle or muscle group through its movement against variable resistance utilizing pulleys, oil, or hydraulics

athletic training

the art and science of the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of athletic injuries at all levels of sport

athletic trainer

the practitioner of athletic training

bone

a calcified tissue that makes up the human skeleton

bursa

a sac

capsule

a fibrous tissue enclosing a joint

epiphysis

a growth plate at the end of long bones, especially critical in adolescent bone injuries

fascia

a thin, membrane

fossa

an anatomical cavity, pit, or depression

joint

a union or connection between two or more bones

ligament

a connective tissue that links bone to bone

hyaline cartilage

a shiny, soft covering on the end of bones into a joint

muscle

an elastic tissue that functions to produce motion in the body

nerve

a rigid tissue that relays messages from the the brain and the spinal cord to all body tissues and organs

plexus

a network of interlacing blood vessels or nerves

synovia

a clear fluid that lubricates a joint or a bursa

tendon

a connective tissue that links muscle to bone

tuberosity

a large prominence of bone used to attack tendons to muscle of ligaments to bones

viscera

internal organs of the body

trauma

injury or distress due to physical insult from the force of exertion of movement

mechanism of injury

the actual mechanics that cause injury

reduction

the medical procedure of realigning the joint after it has been dislocated

point tenderness

specific area of pain that center at the original location of the injury

history

an immediate account of the injured person's medical background relative to the injury of illness

inspection

a visual check of the body part suspected in the injury

palpation

the use of the hands and/or fingers to feel the tissue or the body part suspecting in the injury

diagnosis

the determination of the nature of an injury or illness by a medical doctor

prognosis

the forecast of the course of an injury or illness by a medical doctor

acclimatization

the process of preparing the body for exercise in hot weather

elevation

the act of raising the body or body part above the heart to prevent pooling or swelling

compression

the act of applying pressure in the form of an elastic wrap to an injured pact to localize the swelling

immobilization

a procedure rendering the body or body part motionless by means of a splint, brace, etc.

extremity

an arm or leg or the body

deep

below the surface

superficial

near the surface

acute

having a short course or duration

supine

lying face up

mid

line

prone

lying face down

anterior/ posterior

front/ back

lateral/ medial

towards the outside, towards the inside

proximal/ distal

near end; closer to the midline/ far end; further from the midline

superior/ inferior

towards the head; higher than/ towards the feet; lower than

range of motion (ROM)

the normal movable limits of a joint in a particular motion

active motion

an individual preforms a motion on their own

passive motion

an individual preforms a motion with the assistance of someone else

anatomical position

the anterior view of the human body with arms extended out and the palms are out

extension

to straighten out of increase the angle of a joint

flexion

to bend in or decrease the angle of a joint

lateral flexion

decreasing the angle of a joint to the side

supination

rotating the forearm and hand backward and away from the midline; palm faces up

pronation

rotating the forearm and hand forward towards the midline; palm faces down

adduction

movement of an extremity towards the midline

abduction

movement of an extremity away from the midline

circumduction

a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction to form a "quasi"

inversion

to turn the bottom of the foot in (ex. ankle)

eversion

to turn the bottom of the foot out (ex. ankle)

plantar flexion

movement of the bottom of the foot downward (ex. ankle)

dorsiflexion

movement of the bottom of the foot upward (ex. ankle)

abscess

a localized collection of pus in a body part

adhesion

a holding together of new or scar tissue produced by injury or irritation

atrophy

wasting away; reduction in size of a cell, tissue, or organ

amnesia

a loss of memory

avulsion

a tearing away forcibly if a part or structure

"charley horse"

a slang term for a muscle spasm

fracture

a disruption in bone tissue

contusion

a bruise due to force

dislocation/ luxation

a displacement of any part, especially a bone, from its normal position in a joint

subluxation

a partial or incomplete dislocation

callus

a thickening of skin; new bone at fracture site

hypertrophy

enlargement of a cell, tissue, or organ

sprain

trauma to a joint or ligament

strain

trauma to a muscle or tendon

hematoma

a collection of blood

epistaxis

nosebleed

blister

raised skin containing clear fluid or blood caused by friction

exostosis

a bony growth on bone tissue

torsion

the act of twisting, or being twisted

impetigo

contagious, infectious disease marked by pus pockets which become crusty and later rupture and spread

dehydration

abnormal fluid loss or inadequate fluid intake

hyperextension

anything beyond its normal extension R.O.M.

shock

an acute depression of blood circulation primarily to the brain

inflammation

tissue reaction to injury, either direct or referred

infection

invasion of bacteria, viruses, etc. into body resulting in red, war, swollen tissue reaction

bursitis

inflammation of a bursa

synovitis

inflammation of a synovial wall

tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon

cadaver

a dead body; corpse