zoology lab practical3 mammals

almost all mammals have _ blood cells

anucleated

which mammals have nucleated blood cells

camels, Dalmatians, dramadaries

hair/fur in mammals offers

\-insulation

\-camouflage

\-signaling

\-protection (spines)

\-sensory (whiskers)

different __ about hair makes it beneficial

colors, patterns, structures

all females have _ glands

mammary

mammary gland role

produce milk for young

have _ chambered herat

4

how do they regulate temperature

self regulating, endothermic, homeothermic

type of skin

glandular skin

brain size

enlarged

brain is _ than rest of body

larger than

largest part of brain

cerebral hemisphere

large cerebral hemisphere is good for

hearing, smelling, cognition

tf they have the most highly developed nervous system

t

type of fertilization

internal

type of viparity

viviparous

few primitive mammals have _ viparity

oviparous (monotremes)

type of dentition

heterodont, diphyodont teeth

purpose of teeth set up

highly differentiated for food sources

incisors role

snipping and biting

incisors location

towards the front of the mouth

molars role

crush and grind

molars location

towards the back of the mouth

canine function

piercingt

type of teeth herbivores have

molars

type of teeth carnivores have

incisors + canine

type of digestive tract herbivores have + purpose

long for absorption

why herbivores have long digestive tract

there’s not as much calories or nutrition in their diet, the length helps in digestion

type of digestion carnivores have + purpose

short, prevent fermentation

why carnivores have a short digestive tract

meat is calorie dense + has more nutritional value, they don’t need as long of a tract to absorb nutrients, this also helps avoid potential fermentation from bacteria in meat

types of glands

sudoriferous, sebaceous

primary regulation of temperature is _ gland

sudoriferous

most mammals have _ sudoriferous glands

very few

2 types of sudoriferous glands

eccrine, apocrine

eccrine glands location + role

generalized locations/kind of everywhere, primarily cooling

apocrine glands location + role

specialized/localized, primarily located in armpit, anal, genital areas, sole sweat glands in hoofed animals

sebaceous glands role

lubricate skin, make hair coat silky/shiny, responsible for acne

hooved animals have only _ glands

apocrine

complete partition between ventricles first seen in

birds, in mammals for the entire clade

oxygen rich blood goes to

pulmonary veins, Left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

oxygen poor blood goes to

right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary aorta, superior and inferior vena cava

describe blood flow through the heart

describe pulmonary circulation path

describe systemic circulation path

3 animals for reproductive strategies

monotremes, marsupials, placental mammals

which/what are oviparous

monotremes

which/what are viviparous

marsupials, placental mammals

marsupials are born

at an early stage of development

marsupials finish development

in the pouch

placental mammals are born

later, remain in uterus until a later stage of development

monotremes have _ fertilization

internal

monotremes lay egg in

hard amniotic shell

monotremes source of nutrition for babies

milk from mammary gland

monotremes do or do not have nipples

do not

what do monotremes have instead of nipple

less specialized gland, more of a sweat gland that opens and leaks milk onto surrounding fur

how do monotremes young eat

licking the hairs that surround the opening of the modified sweat gland

marsupials are _ animals

pouched

marsupials do or do not have nipple

do

marsupial young relationship with nipple

baby attaches to it the entire time in pouch until it’s developed enough (they glom)

marsupials birth happens at

early embryonic stage

how do marsupials develop further

tiny marsupial crawls up body of mother into marsupium pouch, attaches to teat (nipple) to further develop

in placental mammals, animal develops where

in longer in embryo than compared to others

in placental mammals, developing embryo is

retained in uterus

how placental mammal embryo gets nourishment

oxygen and nourishment come from the gas exchange and waste removal that occurs in placenta

how are placental mammals fed once born

by female through the teats of mammary gland

subclass prototheria are _ viparity

oviparous

monotremes are subclass _

prototheria

3 extant living species of subclass prototheria

duck pilled platypus, long nosed echidna, short nosed echidna

marsupials are subclass

theria

placental mammals are subclass

theria

subclass theria have _ viparity

viviparous

subclass theria do or do not have nipples

do

subclass theria do or do not have cloaca

do not, reproduction + loss of waste done in a different way

clade for marsupials

metatheria

clade for placental mammals

eutheria

which clade of what subclass has the greatest diversity

eutheria, theria

which infraclass is true placental mammals

eutheria, theria

which infra class has complete embryonic development

eutheria, theria

bats are of what order

chiroptera

chiroptera are

flying mammals

chiroptera are common in

AL

lagomorpha are all _ (eaters)

herbivores

have a single pair of continuously growing incisors

rodentia

teeth/claws are adapted for catching/eating other animals

carnivora

many but not all are social

carnivora

aquatic carnivores are

pinnipedia

seals do or do not have external ears

do not

sea lions do or do not have external ears

do

hoofed animals

ungulates

ungulates are usually _ (types of eaters)

herbivores

2 groups of ungulates

perissodactyla + artiodactyl

odd toes ungulates

perissodactyla

even toes ungulates

artiodactyla

horns or antlers? found in ruminants

horns

horns or antlers? part of the body, has blood supply

horns

horns or antlers? sheaths of cornified epithelium (keratin) surround inner bony layer

horns

horns or antlers? found in cattle and sheep

horns

horns or antlers? not shed, retained throughout life

horns

horns or antlers? grown by both males and females

horns

horns or antlers? will not grow back if they’re cut off

horns