History 2nd partiaaal

What were revolutionary movement sin LATAM inspired by?

Ideas of the enlightenment and revolutionary movements of the US and France

What did Pierre Dominique Toussant L’ouverture do?

The independence of Haiti

Who was Pierre Dominique’s partner?

Jean Jacques Dessalines

What did people in Haiti negotiate?

Abolition of slavery for help in the revolution.

Who planned the revolutionary movements in LATAM?

Creoles

What countries did Simón Bolívar liberate?

Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, Panamá, Ecuador, Perú and Chile

What countries did Bernardo o’Higgings liberate?

Argentina, Perú and Chile

What countries did José de San Martín liberate?

Argentina, Perú and Chile

What did Jean Jacques Dessalinés do?

Freed Haiti and created the first constitutional government.

What are the 3 resultant ideologies of the LATAM movements?

Liberals, conservatives and radicals.

What the project of La Gran Colombia about ?

Making all South America be part of Colombia, unite it.

What was the Mexican independence inspired by?

Ideas of Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín

Who were the main characters of the first stage of the Mexican Independence?

Miguel Hidalgo

Juan Aldama

Ignacio Allende

Josefa Ortíz de Domínguez

Who were the main characters of the second stage of the Mexican Independence?

José María Morelos

Mariano Matamoros

Who were the main characters of the third stage of the Mexican Independence?

Vicente Guerrero

Guadalupe Victoria

Who were the main characters of the fourth stage of the Mexican Independence?

Agustín de Iturbide

Juan de O’donojú

What battles were won in the first campaign of the Mexican independence?

Monte de las cruces

Churubusco

Lost in Battle of Calderón

What was the result of the 1st campaign in the independence?

Arrest, execution and beheading on Miguel Hidalgo, Juan Aldama and Ignacio Allende

What was the result of the 2nd campaign of the Mexican independence?

He sent every person who didn’t have a gun home and presented feelings of a nation and the Apatzingán constitution.

What was the result of the 3rd campaign in the Mexican independence?

It was the resistance period full of guerrillas, Vicente Guerrero and Guadalupe Victoria through the south and center of Mexico

What happened in the 4th stage of the independence of Mexico?

It was resistance at it worst time, Agustin de Iturbide turned everybody against the viceroy and made the ejército Trigarante which guaranteed freedom of religion, from Spain and socia class.

Why was an empire not possible in Mexico?

Only 7% of the population knew what a republic was, Iturbide declared himself as constitutional emperor and never told the others about what they should do.

What was the context in German Unification?

There was a desire for raw materials, specifically ivory, and therefore a desire to test the power of European potencies.

What is a colony?

Imperial country over a territory

What is a protectorate?

Political and military influence over a territory

How was imperialism manifested?

Colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, economic imperialism

What was going on in Europe when there were revolution movements in LATAM?

Europe was going through changes under Clemens von Metternich

What ideas participated in the conflict in europe

Liberal, conservative and radical

What was congress of Vienna trying to achieve?

Restore the old order with territorial division

Who were the conservatives?

Wealthy property owners who argued the protection of ancient monarchies in Europe.

Who were the liberals?

Middle class business leaders and merchant who wanted to give more power to elected parliaments in which educated landowners could vote.

Who were the radical?

People who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people and believed that governments should apply the principles of the French Revolution.

What is nationalism?

Belief that people’s loyalty should not be towards a person but towards a nation who shares culture and history.

When does a nation become a nation state?

When it gains its independence

What aspects should be shared by a nation?

Culture, history, language and territory

What concepts does nationalism bring?

Nationality and religion

What is a sphere of influence?

Political and governmental autonomy but open support to the imperial country

What is economic imperialism?

Control over the country through commerce and trade

Which were the most important countries in mid 1800’s

England, United States, Russian empire, Japan, German Empire

What were positive effects of imperialism

Reduction of local warfare

Improvement in sanitation and urbanization

Economic expansion and awareness of international foreign products

What were the negative effects of imperialism?

Local famine and misery

Over exploitation and slavery of natives

Breakdown of traditional cultures and habits

What was the result of each empire?

Desire to control more territory and resources

Massing of weaponry and militarization of population

Which countries were in a rivalry in the 20th century?

England, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy

How was the German empire divided?

In provinces, German states, Prussia and the Barvarian States

Which were the main political factions in the German states?

Liberals and junkers

How were the junkers?

Conservative and radical

Who did Wihelm I appoint as leader of his party?

Otto Von Bismarck

What ideologies were imposed by Otto Von Bismarck?

Social Darwinism

What did Bismarck want?

Chance to test the militarization system he implemented with youth and followed by Prussians.

What was the first opportunity Bismarck had to test his system?

Austria and Prussia when they united against Denmark for Holstein and Schlewswig.

What did Bismarck do after he controlled Schleswig and Austria.

Stirred a conflict with the border of Austria for control over Holstein, making Austrians declare war to Prussia (1866)

What was the result of Bismark’s tactic?

He declared war to Prussia

In which war did Germans join Prussians and defeated Austrian?

Seven weeks War

Why did Bismarck lay his eyes on Alsace-Lorraine?

It would be the perfect military target

Who declared war to Prussia?

Napoleon III (1870)

What caused the unification of the German Empire?

The Franco-Prussian War

When was the unification of Germany signed?

1871 in the Versailles Palace (Wilhelm I)

Who was the king of England in 1760?

George III

Where did the British form large settlements?

Eastern shore of North America

How did the population grow in the US colonies?

250-2,150,000 habitants

Did colonists saw themselves as British?

They saw themselves as Pennsylvanians or Virginians

Why did the tensions started?

1651, when the British parliament wanted to make the colonies pay for the war expenses and made the navigation Act.

Who did Britain had a war with?

The French until 1763

What was the navigation act?

A document that limited colonists to sell the most valuable products in England

What was the franco Indian war about?

The French and the British wanted to get Canada

Who was defeated in the battle of the indies?

France in 1763

When did the official fighting began after the Franco-Indian war??

1733 with the tea Party at Boston Harbour

What happened at the Tea Party?

Americans dressed up as Indians and threw really expensive tea

What happened in the battle of Lexington??

On April 19,1775 British and Americans fought in Massachusetts, Lexington, it made the second continental congress to vote to raise an army.

Which tribes were allied with the French??

Muron and Abenaki

Which tribes were allied with the British??

Mohawk, Mohican, Anasazi

Who was the commander of the army of the second continental congress?

George Washington

Who issued the Declaration of Independence in the US?

Second continental congress

Wheat was Thomas Jefferson’s document based on?

Ideas of john Locke that people should rebel against an unjust ruler, absolving colonies from British power.

What were the success factors of colonies in order to defeat England?

Colonists were fighting for their home

British were overconfident in military capacity

War was really expensive for England

Louis the XVI intervened in favor of colonists during battle of Yorktown

Who was the second British army in charge of??

Corn Wallis and Mel Gibson

What was the result of the independence of 13 colonies??

All 13 states were ratified a constitution in 1781

What was the document that ratified a constitution called??

Articles of confederation

What did the articles of confederation state??

United States as a republic, following Montesquieu, delegates divided power in legislative, executive and judiciary

What was the final constitution called?

Bill of rights

What did the bill of rights guarantee?

Freedom of speech, press, assembly and religion

What did Robin Williams say in the civil war??

America for the americas

What was the manifest destiny (Theodore Roosevelt)

Idea that white Americans had the right to rule North America from Atlantic to pacific.

What did the Manifest destiny justify??

Taking out native Americans from their land to the west

What was the document that sent Indians to the west?

Indian Removal Act 1830

How did the Americans refer to the Indians?

Apaches

What was the trail of tears?

A trail of 800 miles from Dakota to Oklahoma in which the Indians travelled by foot

What did the apaches find when they arrived to the land?

¼ of the Cherokee dead, poorer land, attacks, segregation and extinction

Where did the American settlers move to ?

Coahuila, Texas.

Why was there a conflict between Santa Ana and stephen Austin ?

Mexico wanted to charge taxes, catholic religion and no slaves

Where did the first revolt between the us and Mexico take place?

The álamo

In what battle was santa Anna defeated

Battle of san Jacinto by Samuel Houston

What was the result of the battle of san Jacinto

Texas was now part of the usa

What was the outcome of the Mexican-American war?

Santa Anna was imprisoned and California, Nevada and New Mexico were also part of the US

How many cadetes were defending the Castle of Chapultepec?

Over 40

Why did the Americans attack the Castillo de Chapultepec

Because they thought that it was the biggest military fortress.

How was the United States divided during the Civil war?

North and South

How were the Northern Americans like?

They had a diversified economy of farms and industry with free workers.

How were the southern Americans like?

They had cash crops, other people who rented farmers, cotton plantations and slaves.

What was the conflict between the north and the south

The north wanted to abolish slavery and the south didn’t