STS MODULE 1 -2

REBUWER

HUMAN FLOURISHING

It is a highest good of human attempt to achieve his or her goal.

Often connected to “eudaimonia” (literally means good spirited

Eudaimonia

is the term connected by renowned Greek philosopher Aristotle to describe the peak of human’s happiness that can be attained.

Western

tends to be individualistic

Eastern

community-centric

Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)

was a German philosopher whose work is perhaps most readily

associated with phenomenology and existentialism, although his

thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical

movements only with extreme care and qualification.

techne

meant a revelation of something, an uncovering or a bringing to light.

The good life

is a concept that has been pondered by philosophers and theologians for centuries. There is no one answer that will satisfy everyone, as the good life is a personal and subjective pursuit.

Good

means “the best way to live a human life”- Plato

Eudaimonia

refers to the good life marked by happiness and excellence. - Aristotle

Eu

means “good”

Daimon

Means “spirit”

The golden mean

Aristotle explains the origin, nature, and development of virtues which are essential for achieving the ultimate goal, happiness, which must be desired for itself.

THE MORAL LIFE

is a life that is lived in accordance with a set of ethical principles. These principles can be based on religion, philosophy, or simply personal conviction. Some common moral values include honesty, compassion, respect, and justice.

Socrates (470-399 BCE):

was a Greek philosopher who is considered to be one of the founders of Western philosophy. He believed that the best way to live a good life is to pursue wisdom and virtue.

Plato (428-348 BCE):

was a student of Socrates and is considered to be one of the most important philosophers of all time. He believed that the good life is one in which we strive to achieve our full potential as human beings.

Aristotle (384-322 BCE):

was another student of Plato and is considered to be one of the most influential philosophers of all time. He believed that the good life is one in which we live in accordance with our nature as rational beings.

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

was a German philosopher who is considered to be one of the most important philosophers of the Enlightenment.

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

was an English philosopher who is considered to be one of the founders of utilitarianism. He believed that the good life is one in which we strive to maximize happiness for all people.

THE LIFE OF PLEASURE

is a philosophy that believes that the best way to live is to pursue pleasure and avoid pain. This can be interpreted in many different ways, but it generally means focusing on activities and experiences that bring us joy and satisfaction.

Epicureanism

founded by the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus believed that the goal of life is to achieve happiness, which he defined as the absence of pain and the presence of pleasure.

THE FULFILLED LIFE

is one that is lived in accordance with one’s values and goals, and that brings one joy and satisfaction. It is a life that is lived to the fullest, and that makes a difference in the world.

Virtue:

They must be morally virtuous.

Health:

They should enjoy good health and reasonably long life.

Prosperity:

They should be comfortably off (for Aristotle this meant affluent enough so that they don’t need to work for a living doing something that they would not freely choose to do.

Friendship

They must have good friends. According to Aristotle human beings are innately social; so the good life can’t be that of a hermit, a recluse, or a misanthrope.

Respect

They should enjoy the respect of others. Aristotle doesn’t think that fame or glory is necessary; in fact, a craving for fame can lead people astray, just as the desire for excessive wealth can. But ideally, a person’s qualities and achievements will be recognized by others.

Luck

They need good luck. This is an example of Aristotle’s common sense. Any life can be rendered unhappy by tragic loss or misfortune.

Engagement

They must exercise their uniquely human abilities and capacities.

THE MEANINGFUL LIFE

is one that is lived in accordance with one's values and purpose. It is a life that is fulfilling and satisfying, and that makes a difference in the world.

THE FINISHED LIFE

The Greeks had a saying: Call no man happy until he’s dead.

Materialism

is a philosophical school of thought that holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions of material things.

Hedonism

is a philosophical school of thought that holds that pleasure is the highest good and that the purpose of life is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.

Stoicism

created for those who live their lives in the real world.

Zeno of Citium

Founded Stoicism

Theism

is the belief in the existence of a supreme being or gods.

Monotheism

The belief in one god. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are all monotheistic religions.

Polytheism

The belief in multiple gods. Hinduism, Greek mythology, and Roman mythology are all polytheistic religions.

Pantheism

The belief that God is everything and everything is God. Pantheism is often associated with Hinduism and Buddhism.

Deism

The belief in a god who created the universe but does not intervene in its day-to-day affairs.

Theists

believe in God for a variety of reasons. Some people believe in God because they have had personal experiences that they believe are evidence of God’s existence.

Omniscient

all knowing

Omnipotent

all powerful

Omnipresent

all pervasive

Humanism

affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape their own lives.

Francesco Petrarca

“father of humanism”

Desiderius Erasmus

•was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic theologian, educationalist, satirist and philosopher.

Thomas More

An English lawyer, philosopher, and statesman, Thomas More wrote “Utopia”; which explored ideal societies and the role of human reason in shaping a just society.

Carl Rogers

was a prominent humanistic psychologist. His approach to

psychology, known as client-centered therapy, emphasized the importance of the individual’s self- actualization and personal growth.

Abraham Maslow

his hierarchy of needs, which outlines human needs from basic

physiological needs to self-actualization.

Pre-Colonial Period

Indigenous technology already existed with regards to wet and dry agriculture

Spanish Colonial Period

Introduced formal education; Religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music were taught.

American and Post Common Era

was inclined towards agriculture, medicine, and pharmacy

Marcos Era and Martial Law

Science was given importance

NSDB

established the Phil Atomic Energy Commission

NSDB

was changed to NSTA in 1982

Fifth Republic (Corazon Aquino’s Presidency)

Science and Technology’ role in economic recovery and sustained economic growth was highlighted

RA 6655

the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988

NSTA was replaced by DOST

January 30,1987

Pres. Fidel V. Ramos

Presidential task force was formed to deal with overall problem confronting R & D and S & T development in the country.

President Joseph Estrada

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA 8749)
Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (RA 8792)-

President Gloria M. Arroyo

Science & Technology was dubbed as the “golden age” of science and technology by secretary Estrella Alabastro

RA 9367 or Biofuels Act

promotes the development and usage of biofuels throughout

the country

President Benigno S. Aquino

The Harmonized Agenda for Science and Technology in 2014

RA 10601

10601-improves the Aquaculture and Fisheries Sector through Mechanization (AFMech)

President Rodrigo Duterte

The creation of the DICT in 2016. The DICT is responsible for developing and implementing the government's information and

communications technology (ICT) policies.

Invention

means to create something that doesn’t exist so far.

Inventor

is one who discovers or produces a useful object or process that did nit exist before.

Airplane

Wright Brothers. (Wilbur ; Oville)

Ball-Point Pen

Laszlo Biro

Thermometer

Galileo Galilei

Mercury/Modern Thermometer

Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit.

Santorio Santorio

Thermometer with Scale

Henry W. Seely

Invented Electric Iron

Elisha Graves Otis

he was a United States inventor and manufacturer.

Charles Rollin & Norton Prentiss Otis

Continued to make further improvements in elevator design and operation.

G. H. Wheeler and W. Reno

Inveted Escalator

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz

A German, he discovered radio waves in 1887.

Guglielmo Marconi

Invented Radio

Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec

This French physician who invented the stethoscope is used to hear the sounds produced by various organs of the body such as the heart and lungs.

Hamilton Smith

developed a labor-saving washing machine.

Alva Fisher

designed the first electric washing machine.

Jacob Christian Schäffer

first washing machine that used a hand-powered mechanism.

Louise G. Blanchard

credited with inventing the first electric washing machine.

Abelardo Aguilar

Erythromycin

Fe del Mundo

"Mother of Philippine Pediatrics."

Robert Del Rosario

He invented the Karaoke

Gregorio Zara

He invented the videophone in 1956.

Maria Orosa,

a Filipina food technologist, is credited with inventing banana ketchup.

Copernicus Revolution

shift in the field of astronomy from a geocentric understanding of the universe, centred around Earth, to a heliocentric understanding, centred around the Sun, as articulated by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century.

Geocentric model

states that the Sun and the planets move around the Earth instead of the Heliocentric model with the Sun in the center.

Nicolaus Copernicus

a renaissance man

Darwinian revolution

The book changed how people approach biology forever,

Freudian Revolution

the discovery of a way of locating in the mind objective entities which can be studied like physical things.

Sigmund Freud

was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis (a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst).

Id

is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual

and aggressive drives and hidden memories

Ego

is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id

and the super-ego.