Chapter 12 SHS 170

What is a language disorder?

APA defines a language disorder as a persistent difficulty in the acquisition and use of language across spoken, written, sign language, or other modalities that is due to substantial and quantifiable deficits in comprehension and production

What are the key similarities and differences between children with development language disorder, children with intellectual disabilities, children with autism spectrum disorders, and children with specific learning disorders (learning disabilities)?

• DLD= SLI= video Monday (can also have adhd) 

• ID= born with (down syndrome) ( can also have ASD) 

• ASD= born with can have ID or Lang disorder 

• SLD= (LD= learning disability) 

• ADHD= can also have DLD and ASD 

How do you think language form, and language content interact with language use?

Can't have use without structure + vocab, form +content

Form= structure (syntax, phonology, morphemes)

Content= semantics= vocab

Use= pragmatics= back and forth

How does the setting in which SLPs work with children affect service delivery?

SLPS who work in public school setting conduct language intervention in the regular classroom, some SLPs work with teachers to plan and carry out language-learning activities

What kinds of assessments are appropriate for young children?

• Chronological age 

• Transdisciplinary assessment 

• Multidisciplinary assessment  

• Battelle Developmental Inventory, Third Edition 

• MacArthur- Bates Communicative Development Inventories

What are similarities and differences between child-centered, clinician-centered and hybrid intervention approaches?  

• Child centered= child lead, using what they are interested in to then promote language growth and development. Use blocks If they are playing with them, in the present moment 

• Clinician-centered= Traditional speech therapy with a set structure 

• Hybrid intervention approaches- using a combo of child led + clinician centered. Child leads what they are interested in ex: play kitchen with child and then with the kitchen we use verbs drinking, tossing, eating, cooking.  

What aspects of language development are especially difficult for school age children with language disorders in the primary and secondary grades?

• Language content may have difficulty understanding what they read because they have inadequate vocabulary knowledge. Children with language disorders often know fewer than 4,000 words. Tier 2 ( sophisticated words used to express concepts that children already understand, they are likely to be used frequently in written and oral language(keep going maintain)and Tier 3 (very complex words that are found in science, social studies, and other curricular content)  

_____________________________________________________________ 

• Language use- difficulties understanding and creating coherent narrative and expository texts. They have trouble answering literal and inferential questions, omit important details from stories and reports, or have trouble specifying causal relationships or the sequential order of events. Understanding and producing inferences during comprehension of discourse. 

_____________________________________________________________ 

• Language form- early difficulties with the use of complex syntax are highly predictive of language impairment in the school age years. Children with conversational speech is noticeably ungrammatical and does not contain a significant amount of complex sentences. Also have troubles with phonological awareness (indicating what sound a word starts or ends with, blending phonemes to make a word or separating a word into its component phonemes which are needed to learn how to read. Summarization and predictive that appear in most of the curricular materials they encounter, These words do not occur often, require experience with word structure, metalinguistic abilities, and even fluent reading ability. Morphologically complex forms may be the focus of language intervention for adolescents with LD.  

What is the difference between Section 504 and IDEA?

Section 504 prohibited any agency receiving federal funding from discriminating against individual with disabilities

IDEA requires states to offer a range of identification and intervention services for children from birth through age 19 years

What kinds of information are part of a child's IEP?

Strengths and weaknesses, child's levels of educational performance, the measurable goals that child needs to meet to profit from instruction

What procedures are commonly used to assess language disorders in school age children?

• The first parent needs to give their permission for testing. Language assessment usually includes a review of the child's records, observation of the child in the classroom setting, administration of one or two norm-referenced tests, and language sample collection and analysis. Norm-referenced tests for assessing language development in school-age children.  

• For example, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions assesses multiple areas of language to provide a broad view of an individual's communication system.  

• These global assessment measures provide composite scores that represent overall language functioning in expressive and receptive language as well as domain-specific skills in vocabulary and grammar. 

• The test of narrative language provides examiners with overall indices of language comprehension and production in textual discourse.  

• Many other tests are reliable and valid in relation to the child being tested, particularly if the child is from a culturally or linguistically diverse background.

Which conditions may co-occur with language disorders, according to the passage? 

Hearing loss and intellectual disabilities (IDs) 

What aspect of language refers to the social aspects of language?

use

What of the following is not mentioned as a risk factor for language disorders in infants and toddlers?

overuse of consonant- vowel combinations

What is a highly indicator of language impairment in school-age children?

limited use of complex syntax

how many root words are children typically expected to know by the second grade, according to research?

about 6,000

what type of textual discourse becomes important during the school- age years and involves telling stories about personal experiences?

narrative

Preschoolers with language disorders may have difficulty with initiating and responding during conversations, including making requests, comments, statements, disagreements, and performatives.

true

Which of the following is not listed as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders?

hearing impairment

What is a primary method for assessing vocabulary knowledge in infants and toddlers?

parent report

Parent consent is not required before children can be referred for special testing under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

false

What is characteristic of children with developmental language disorder(DLD)?

nonverbal intellectual abilities within the normal range

What is a common characteristic of language form in preschoolers with language disorders?

they have difficulty producing complex sentence construction

what skill becomes increasingly important for children during the school-age years and involves drawing conclusions about text ideas that were not explicitly stated?

making inferences

Developmental language disorder(DLD) is believed to result from which of the following factors?

subtle genetic, neurological, and environmental factors

What statement accurately describes Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

ASD individuals often lack interest in socializing and may exhibit repetitive behaviors 

What is specific learning disorder characterized by?

persistent difficulties learning academic skills substantially below expectations for chronological age

What type of assessment tool provides composite scores for overall language functioning in school-age children?

global assessment measures

which language intervention approach focuses on increasing the number and type of words a chils uses during play?

child-centered approach

Mark True or False

The individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires states to offer a range of identification and intervention services for children from birth through age 19 years.

true

Mark True or False

Assessing children from non English speaking backgeounds solely using English-based tests can result in inaccurate assessments due to the mismatch between the child’s language abilities and the language of the test

true

Autism spectrum disorder

many have pervasive and sustained difficulties with reciprocal social communication and social interaction, characterized by severe problems with conversation, sharing of interests or emotions, and initiating or responding to social interactions

Chronological age

the use of years and months to compare a child with other children of the same age on developmental tasks

Classroom collaboration

speech language pathologists and classroom teachers work together to provide language intervention within the regular classroom setting

Comprehension

understanding of a communicated message in context regardless of the modality used for expression

Content

meaning of language, semantics

Developmental language disorder

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by unusual difficulties understanding, and/or using spoken language during childhood

Evidence based practice

making assessment and treatment decisions by integrating the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values

Expository texts

the language of academic textbooks. This type of language is used to teach or explain new info.

Expression

the ability to produce language

Form

the structure of language, including syntax, morphology, and phonology

Hybrid approach

hybrid approaches focus on one or two specific language goals. The clinician selects the activities and materials and responds to the child's communication to model and highlight the specific forms that are being targeted for intervention.

Individualized education program (IEP)

A document that describes a child's disability and the scope of services that will be provided to help the child receive an appropriate education in the least restrictive environment.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

The federal law that provides federal funding for special education and regulates special education procedures.

Intellectual disorder

a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by limitations in both intellectual functioning (such as learning and problem

Learning disability

a significant difficulty with the acquisition and use of one or more of the following abilities: listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, mathematical computation, or mathematical problem

Expository texts

the language of academic textbooks. This type of language is used to teach or explain new info.

Expression

the ability to produce language

Form

the structure of language, including syntax, morphology, and phonology

Hybrid approach

hybrid approaches focus on one or two specific language goals. The clinician selects the activities and materials and responds to the child's communication to model and highlight the specific forms that are being targeted for intervention.

Individualized education program (IEP)

A document that describes a child's disability and the scope of services that will be provided to help the child receive an appropriate education in the least restrictive environment.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

The federal law that provides federal funding for special education and regulates special education procedures.

Intellectual disorder

a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by limitations in both intellectual functioning (such as learning and problem

Learning disability

a significant difficulty with the acquisition and use of one or more of the following abilities: listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, mathematical computation, or mathematical problem

Literature based language intervention

an approach to language intervention in which the language therapy activities are related to a children's book

Maze

a repetition, a false start, or a reformulation of a sentence

Multidisciplinary assessment

different members of an assessment team conduct their own independent assessments of the child's abilities that relate to their own interest areas (e.g, speech and language pathologists evaluate speech and language only, physical therapists evaluate motor abilities only). In a summary meeting, each member of the team shares his findings and recommends treatment.

Neurodevelopmental disorder

childhood disorders of language, speech, or learning ability resulting from impaired growth and development of the central nervous system

Phonological awareness

a type of metalinguistic awareness. Knowledge of the sequence of sounds that make up words (e.g soup starts with an /s/). The ability to identify the phoneme structure of words (e.g., ball has three sounds).

Section 504

part of the rehabilitation act of 1973 that prohibited public schools from excluding children with disabilities from participating in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance

Specific language impairment (SLI)

difficulties acquiring language in the absence of any other mental, sensory, motoric, emotional, or experiential deficits. The agreed upon term is now, developmental language disorder.

Specific learning disorder

a disorder in the psychological processes involved in the ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.

Transcript

a written record of the language that was used during a language sample.

Transdisciplinary assessment

when a team of professionals works together to evaluate a child. Members of the team are not limited to the evaluation of any single area of development.

Use

language use refers to the social aspects of language, also termed pragmatics.