Pharmacology Medications - Antimicrobials (M3)

used to treat bacterial infections

what are the indications of penicillins?

bactericidal

what is the MOA of penicillins?

n&v, diarrhea, black hairy tongue, rash, c-diff

what are the side effects of penicillins?

allergies to penicillins or cephalosporins, obtain culture, no acidic juice

what is the pre-assessment data a nurse should consider before administering penicillins?

monitor for allergic reaction and s/s, monitor INR if high dosage

what is the post-assessment data a nurse should consider after administering penicillins?

discontinue use if allergic reaction occurs

what are the nursing interventions when administering penicillins?

finish drug completely, use alternate form of birth control if taking oral contraceptions and amoxicillin, discontinue if allergic reaction occurs and contact emergency services if anaphylactic

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for penicillins?

used to treat skin, bone, genitourinary, otitis media, and respiratory infections

what are the indications for cephalosporins?

typically bactericidal

what is the MOA of cephalosporins?

n&v, rash, c-diff, elevated INR, nephrotoxicity, bleeding risk, hemolytic anemia

what are the side effects of cephalosporins?

allergies to penicillins or cephalosporins, use with caution in patients with kidney dysfunction

what is the pre-assessment data a nurse should consider before administering cephalosporins?

monitor BUN and creatinine and for allergic reaction and c-diff

what are the post-assessment data a nurse should consider after administering cephalosporins?

discontinue use if allergic reaction occurs

what are the nursing interventions when administering cephalosporins?

do not use with alcohol or disulfiram reaction may occur, do not use while breastfeeding, monitor for superinfection

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for cephalosporins?

used to treat life threatening, multi drug resistant infections

what are the indications of carbapenems?

bactericidal

what is the MOA of carbapenems?

n&v, diarrhea, rash, elevated INR, c-diff, bleeding risk, nephrotoxicity

what are the side effects of carbapenems?

allergies to penicillins or cephalosporins, dose adjustment for patients with kidney dysfunction

what is the pre-assessment data a nurse should consider before administering carbapenems?

monitor for allergic reaction and superinfection, monitor BUN and creatinine

what is the post-assessment data a nurse should consider after administering carbapenems?

discontinue use if allergic reaction or kidney dysfunction occurs

what are the nursing interventions for administering carbapenems?

side effects may last weeks after medication discontinuation, monitor for superinfection

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for carbapenems?

used to treat gram negative bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa

what are the indications for monobactams?

narrow spectrum, bactericidal

what is the MOA of monobactams?

n&v, diarrhea, rash, c-diff, elevated INR, bleeding risk, nephrotoxicity

what are the side effects of monbactams?

use caution in patients with kidney dysfunction

what pre-assessment data should a nurse consider before administering monobactams?

monitor for superinfection, BUN and creatinine, coagulation abnormalities, and skin sensitvities

what post-assessment data should a nurse consider after administering monobactams?

discontinue use if nephrotoxicity occurs

what are the nursing interventions for administering monobactams?

monitor for superinfection

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for monobactams?

used to treat UTIs, otitis media, acute chronic bronchitis, and travelers’ diarrhea

what are the indications for sulfonamide?

broad spectrum, bacteriostatic

what is the MOA of sulfonamides?

photophobia, rash, sore throat, fever, mouth sores, risk of crystalluria

what are the side effects of sulfonamides?

use with caution in patients with kidney dysfunction and cardiac antidysrhythmic, allergies

what are the pre-assessment data a nurse should consider before administering sulfonamides?

monitor kidney function and for allergic reactions

what are the post-assessment data a nurse should consider after administering sulfonamides?

discontinue use if allergic reaction or kidney dysfunction occurs

what are the nursing interventions for administering sulfonamides?

complete dose, increase fluid intake, avoid sunlight/wear sunscreen, use with caution if cardiac antidysrhythmic

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for sulfonamides?

used to treat pneumonia and complicated skin or UTIs

what are the indications of fluoroquinolones?

broad spectrum (gram + and -), synthetic, bactericidal

what is the MOA of fluoroquinolones?

GI upset, hypersensitivity, photosensitivity, hypoglycemia, drowsiness, prolonged QT syndrome

what are the side effects of fluoroquinalones?

tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, central nervous system effects, increased muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis

what are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?

medication has been associated with disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions

what is the black box warning for fluoroquinolones?

do not use with antacids, caution with patients that have myasthenia gravis or kidney dysfunction

what pre-assessment data should a nurse consider before administering fluoroquinolones?

monitor fluid intake

what post-assessment data should a nurse consider after administering fluoroquinolones?

discontinue use at first sign of adverse effects

what are the nursing interventions for fluoroquinolones?

take with full glass of water before or after meals to enhance absorption and avoid crystalluria, avoid sunlight/wear sunscreen, fluid intake 1500-2000 ml, avoid taking medications with zinc, iron, calcium, and aluminum

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for fluoroquinolones?

used to treat respiratory infections, otitis media, pelvic inflammatory infection, and chlamydia

what are the indications of macrolides?

bacteriostatic

what is the MOA of macrolides?

GI upset, photosensitivity, QT prolongations/dysrhythmias, drowsiness, liver damage

what are the side effects of macrolides?

liver damage

what pre-assessment data should nurses consider before administering macrolides?

monitor liver function and for dysrhythmia

what post-assessment data should a nurse consider after administering macrolides?

discontinue use if liver dysfunction occurs

what are the nursing interventions for administering macrolides?

take with food, avoid sunlight/wear sunscreen, report chest pain or yellowing of skin and eyes

what patient teaching should a nurse give for macrolides?

used to treat streptococcal endocarditis, tuberculosis, hepatic encephalopathy, used as a colon prep for colon procedures

what are the indications for aminoglycosides?

bactericidal, may be used synergistically with beta-lactam medications

what is the MOA for aminoglycosides?

numbness/tingling, vertigo, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity

what are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

use with caution in patients with kidney dysfunction or if taking a loop diuretic, do not use if patient has recently been under anesthesia or has taken a muscle relaxant

what is the pre-assessment data a nurse should consider before administering aminoglycosides?

monitor urine output, BUN, creatinine, and GFR

what post-assessment data should a nurse consider after administering aminoglycosides?

discontinue use if nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, or ototoxicity occurs

what are the nursing interventions for administering aminoglycosides?

do not use if pregnant or breastfeeding, monitor for hearing loss/changes and numbness/tingling

what patient teaching should a nurse give for aminoglycosides?

used to treat bacterial infections

what are the indications for tetracyclines?

bacteriostatic (gram + and -)

what is the MOA for tetracyclines?

photosensitivity, oral candidiasis, c-diff, intracranial hypertension, permanent teeth discoloration in children under 8

what are the side effects of tetracyclines?

do not administer if pregnant or young child, or if on antacids

what is the pre-assessment data a nurse should consider before administering tetracyclines?

monitor kidney and liver function, monitor for c-diff

what is the post-assessment data a nurse should consider after administering tetracyclines?

discontinue use if kidney or liver damage occurs

what are the nursing interventions for administering tetracyclines?

avoid sunlight/wear sunscreen, do not take with dairy or antacids, if using oral contraceptive use alternative method, take on empty stomach

what patient teaching should a nurse give for tetracyclines?

antiviral

what drug class are antiherpes medications?

used to treat herpes and varicella virus

what are the indications of antiherpes?

causes termination of DNA chain during replication

what is the MOA of antiherpes?

GI upset, fatigue, lower seizure threshold

what are the side effects of antiherpes?

use with caution in patients with kidney dysfunction

what is the pre-assessment data a nurse should consider before administering antiherpes?

monitor BUN and creatinine, monitor for seizures

what is the post-assessment data a nurse should consider after administering antiherpes?

discontinue use if kidney dysfunction or seizures occur

what are the nursing interventions for administering antiherpes?

complete dose, avoid sexual contact while lesions are present

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for antiherpes?

antiviral

what drug class are antiinfluenza medications?

used to treat influenza virus

what are the indications of antiinfluenzas?

prevents release of virus from infected cells

what is the MOA of antiinfluenzas?

GI upset, skin/hypersensitivity reactions, neuropsychiatric symptoms, fatigue

what are the side effects of aniinfluenzas?

do not administer if symptoms have been present for more than 48 hours

what pre-assessment data should a nurse consider before administering antiinfluenzas?

monitor for s/s and neuropsychiatric symptoms

what is the post-assessment data a nurse should consider after administering antiinfluenzas?

medication compliance, monitor s/s

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for antiinfluenzas?

antiviral

what drug class are antiretrovirals?

used to treat illnesses like HIV

what are the indications of antiretrovirals?

impede virus replication

what is the MOA of antiretrovirals?

lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegaly, pancreatitis, fatigue

what are the side effects of antiretrovirals?

use with caution in patients with kidney or pancreas dysfunction

what is the pre-assessment data a nurse should consider before administering antiretrovirals?

monitor BUN and creatinine, urine output, and pancreatic and liver function

what post-assessment data should a nurse consider after administering antiretrovirals?

discontinue use if kidney, liver, or pancreas damage occurs

what are the nursing interventions for administering antiretrovirals?

monitor s/s, complete dose

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for antiretrovirals?

antiviral

what drug class are anti-hepatitis agents?

used to treat hepatitis

what are the indications of anti-hepatitis agents?

impede virus replication

what is the MOA of anti-hepatitis agents?

severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis b, nephrotoxicity, lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegaly

what are the side effects of anti-hepatitis agents?

use caution in patients with liver or kidney disease

what is the pre-assessment data a nurse should consider before administering anti-hepatitis agents?

monitor BUN and creatinine, liver and pancreas function

what is the post-assessment data a nurse should consider after administering anti-hepatitis agents?

discontinue use if kidney, liver, or pancreas damage occurs

what are the nursing indications for administering anti-hepatitis agents?

long term use may be needed, do not discontinue use unless directed

what is the patient teaching a nurse should give for anti-hepatitis agents?

antifungal

what drug class is amphotericin b?

used to treat severe systemic fungal infections via IV route

what are the indications of amphotericin b?

fungicidal

what is the MOA of amphotericin b?

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, skin rash, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea

what are the side effects of amphotericin b?