Chapter 10 Depressive & Bipolar disorders

The single best predictor of a child's risk for major depressive disorder is ____.

Select one:

a.drug use

b.family history of depression

c.psychosocial problems

d.academic problems

b. family history of depression

In general, ____ is the first choice in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Select one:

a.cognitive-behavioral therapy

b.interpersonal therapy

c.lithium

d.family therapy

c. lithium

The increase in depression from childhood to adolescence appears to be largely a result of ____.

Select one:

a.biological maturation

b.increased cognitive capacity

c.growing self-awareness

d.substance use

a. biological maturation

The earlier concept of "masked" depression was that ____.

Select one:

a.children wear a characteristic "mask" of depression, including downcast eyes and downturned mouth

b.depression is difficult to diagnose in children because they "mask" their feelings with a happy face

c.children purposely conceal or "mask" their depression so as to avoid treatment

d.depression could be "masked" or concealed by a variety of other behaviors, and thus, any clinical symptom could be evidence of underlying depression

d. depression could be "masked" or concealed by a variety of other behaviors, and thus, any clinical symptom could be evidence of underlying depression

A therapy for young people that focuses on helping the youth become more aware of pessimistic and negative thoughts, as well as causal attributions of self-blame for failure, is known as ____.

Select one:

a.CBT

b.behavior therapy

c.cognitive therapy

d.ITP-A

c. cognitive therapy

Which of the following regarding bipolar disorder in young people is false?

Select one:

a.Manic episodes in their fully developed state are clearly different usual behavior.

b.Girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys.

c.Bipolar disorder is extremely rare in young children.

d.Rates of bipolar disorder are higher in clinical samples.

b. Girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys.

The only SSRI that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of depression in children is ____.

Select one:

a.paroxetine (Paxil)

b.fluoxetine (Prozac)

c.sertraline (Zoloft)

d.none are approved

b. fluoxetine (Prozac)

Youngsters who have an onset of depression prior to age 15 and a recurrent episode prior to age 20 are likely to ____.

Select one:

a.have mild depression as a younger teen

b.recover from their depressive episode faster in adulthood

c.have mild depression as a teen, but chronic depression as an adult

d.have severe depression as a teen and poor psychosocial outcomes as a young adult

d. have severe depression as a teen and poor psychosocial outcomes as a young adult

When symptoms of depressed mood occur for most of the day, on most days, and persist for at least one year, that is known as ____.

Select one:

a.major depressive disorder (MDD)

b.persistent depressive disorder (P-DD)

c.chronic depressive symptoms disorder (CDSD)

d.disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

b. persistent depressive disorder (P-DD)

The increase in depression in young people has been attributed, at least in part, to

Select one:

a.poorer childhood nutrition leading to disrupted neurological development.

b.media influences leading children to feel hopeless about the future.

c.rapid social change leading to increased stress levels for young people.

d.increased awareness of symptoms of depression in youth leading to an increase in the number of children seen in clinics for diagnoses.

c. rapid social change leading to increased stress levels for young people.

The increased risk for depression among adolescent girls compared to boys has been attributed to ____.

Select one:

a.changes in brain structure

b.gender identity issues

c.their tendency to use ruminative coping styles to deal with stress

d.less willingness to cooperate

b. gender identity issues

The fact that depression occurs in many youngsters who do not experience loss or rejection, and does not occur in many children who do, is support against which theory of depression?

Select one:

a.Psychodynamic

b.Cognitive

c.Behavioral

d.Attachment

a. Psychodynamic

The earlier and mistaken belief that children could not suffer from depression was rooted in ____.

Select one:

a.biological findings

b.psychoanalytic theory

c.behavioral theory

d.cognitive theory

b. psychoanalytic theory

Prevalence estimates for major depressive disorder in all children ages 4 to 18 range from ____.

Select one:

a.0.3% to 1%

b.2% to 8%

c.10% to 15%

d.20% to 25%

b. 2% to 8%

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in the prevalence of depression among males and females?

Select one:

a.Throughout the lifespan, females are more likely to suffer from depression than males.

b.Depression is equally common among preadolescent boys and girls, but after about age 13, the rate is higher for females.

c.Depression is equally common among boys and girls in childhood and adolescence, but after about age 18, the rate is higher for females.

d.Females are more likely to suffer from depression at all ages, but only when there is a comorbid anxiety disorder.

b. Depression is equally common among preadolescent boys and girls, but after about age 13, the rate is higher for females.

The increase in depression from preschool to elementary school is not likely to be a reflection of ____.

Select one:

a.biological maturation

b.growing self-awareness

c.growing cognitive capacity

d.increased performance and social pressures

a. biological maturation

In general, brain activity in youths with depression is LESS active than normal in regions of the brain associated with which of the following?

Select one:

a.Recognizing and regulating emotions

b.Sensory processes

c.Mediating stress responses

d.Learning and recalling emotion-arousing memories

b. Sensory processes

A recent study found that in transition from adolescence to young adulthood, depressive symptoms were highest for which ethnic/racial groups?

Select one:

a.Hispanic and Asian

b.Caucasian and African American

c.Hispanic and African American

d.Caucasian and Asian

a. Hispanic and Asian

The ____ theory of depression focuses on parental separation and disruption of a bond as predisposing factors for depression.

Select one:

a.psychodynamic

b.behavioral

c.cognitive

d.attachment

d. attachment

Which of the following statements about DMDD is true?

Select one:

a.It occurs fairly evenly between males and females.

b.Effective courses of treatment for DMDD are unknown.

c.It has high comorbidity with BP.

d.It does not have a significant effect on peer relationships.

b. Effective courses of treatment for DMDD are unknown.

____ view youngsters with depression as having difficulty organizing their behavior in relation to long-term goals.

Select one:

a.Interpersonal models

b.Self-control theories

c.Socioenvironmental models

d.Neurobiological models

b. Self-control theories

Children who experience depression ____.

Select one:

a.rarely attempt suicide

b.rarely relapse

c.typically make a full recovery on their own

d.are at risk for future depressive episodes

d. are at risk for future depressive episodes

The most frequent co-occurring disorder(s) in clinic-referred youngsters with major depressive disorder is/are ____.

Select one:

a.conduct disorders

b.ADHD

c.anxiety disorders

d.somatoform disorders

c. anxiety disorders

Children or adolescents who display numerous and persistent hypomanic and depressive symptoms can be classified as having ____.

Select one:

a.bipolar I disorder

b.bipolar II disorder

c.double depression

d.cyclothymic disorder

d. cyclothymic disorder

Prospective studies of children and adolescents have found that the age of onset for the first depressive episode is usually ____ years.

Select one:

a.7 to 10

b.10 to 12

c.13 to 15

d.16 to 18

c. 13 to 15

____ is one of the most common symptoms of depression in children, occurring in about 80% of clinic-referred youngsters with depression.

Select one:

a.Irritability

b.Anger

c.Grandiosity

d.Inattention

a. Irritability

____ are the negative perceptual and attributional styles and beliefs associated with depressive symptoms.

Select one:

a.Depressed thoughts

b.Cognitive delusions

c.Depressogenic cognitions

d.Destructive cognitions

c. Depressogenic cognitions

In comparison to nondepressed children, those with depression experience ____ in the year preceding their depression.

Select one:

a.fewer friendship changes

b.fewer daily hassles

c.more severe stressful events and more daily hassles

d.more resilience

c. more severe stressful events and more daily hassles

Which of the following is least likely to be a symptom of MDD?

Select one:

a.Significant weight loss or gain

b.Insomnia

c.Hyperactivity

d.Diminished ability to think or concentrate

c. Hyperactivity

Which theory of depression claims that depression is related to a lack of response-contingent positive reinforcement?

Select one:

a.Psychodynamic

b.Behavioral

c.Cognitive

d.Attachment

b. Behavioral

Due to recent findings of possible increased risk of suicide and self-harm of young people using SSRIs to treat depression, the FDA has mandated ____.

Select one:

a.parents be well-informed and monitor their children closely

b.warning labels on medication and patient education guides

c.that children and adolescents should not be prescribed SSRIs

d.that SSRIs be prescribed in combination with psychotherapy

b. warning labels on medication and patient education guides

Which diagnosis is a child least likely to receive?

Select one:

a.Major depressive disorder

b.Bipolar I disorder

c.Bipolar II disorder

d.Cyclothymic disorder

b. Bipolar I disorder

Children of depressed parents have a higher rate of ____.

Select one:

a.conflict with siblings

b.eating disorders

c.physical injuries

d.sexual abuse

c. physical injuries

Which of these diagnostic statements about DMDD is false?

Select one:

a.It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of MDD.

b.Associated moods must have an onset prior to age 10.

c.It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of ODD.

d.It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of BP.

a. It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of MDD.

Brain imaging studies in adolescents with bipolar disorder point to abnormalities in parts of the brain that ____.

Select one:

a.regulate emotion

b.plan executive functions

c.control memory

d.regulate sleep patterns

a. regulate emotion

The central feature of _______ is chronic, severe persistent irritability.

Select one:

a.major depressive disorder (MDD)

b.persistent depressive disorder (P-DD)

c.chronic depressive symptoms disorder (CDSD)

d.disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

d. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

The "cognitive triad" refers to ____.

Select one:

a.the three parts of the brain that process information

b.attending to, processing, and interpreting information

c.the three cognitive theorists who have advanced our understanding of depression

d.a depressed individual's negative outlook about one's self, the world, and the future

d. a depressed individual's negative outlook about one's self, the world, and the future

A state of prolonged bouts of sadness is called ____.

Select one:

a.dysphoria

b.dysthymia

c.anhedonia

d.depression

a. dysphoria

A history of depression during the school years increases the risk for later ____.

Select one:

a.resilience

b.suicidal behavior

c.underemployment

d.aggressive behavior

b. suicidal behavior

Anaclitic depression was the term used by Renee Spitz in the 1940s to describe the pattern of behavior he saw in ____.

Select one:

a.emotionally deprived infants

b.abused toddlers

c.pregnant adolescents

d.bereaved children

a. emotionally deprived infants