6 sections
Density, Sig Figs, FLM, SI Units, Scientific Method, General Knowledge
2.54 cm
1 in
2.20 lb
1 kg
1.057 qt
1 L
5280 ft
1 mile
1.0 g/mL
Density of water
1 dm^3
1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm^3
Pure Science
Chemists understanding the world
Applied Science
Application of scientific discoveries
3 branches of science
Life (biology), Earth, Physical Science (matter/energy)
Chinese
1, Yin and Yang
Greeks
2, Everything is made of water
Aristotle Greek
3, Air, Fire, Earth, and Water combine to make other stuff
Arabs
4, Alchemy (healing elixir); gold creation (Philosopher's Stone); apparatuses (pestle & crucible)
Robert Bacon
5, (English) rather than pure logic, experiment
Robert Boyle
6, (English) his book 'The Skeptical Chymist' leads to the creation of the scientific method
Antoine Lavoisier
7, (French) founder of modern chemistry who added observation and measurement
State the Problem
1, what are you trying to find out?
Gather Info
2, collect observations
Form a Hypothesis
3, Proposed solution, a tentative hypothesis (educated guess)
Perform Experiments to Test the Hypothesis
4, ...just do the experiment lol
Recording & Analyzing Data
5, usually written in table
State a Conclusion
6, Is there a pattern? Can you make a theory?
Scientific Theory
Explanation that tells you why it happens & changes with new data
Scientific Law
Observation that tells you what happens
Repeat
7, check to see if the data is correct
Parts of an Experiment
Independent variable, dependent variable, constant, control, etc.
Observation
Made using your senses
Quantitative Observations
Involve numbers
Qualitative Observations
Doesn't involve numbers
Inference
A conclusion
Chemistry
the science that investigates and explains the structure and properties of matter
Matter
Anything with mass and volume
Mass
Amount of matter
Weight
How heavy something is, depends on gravity
Bose-Einstein Condensate
almost absolute 0
Solid
particles vibrate, constant shape and volume
Liquid
particles have some forces, constant volume but not shape
Aqueous
Dissolved in water
Gas
particles moving haphazardly, changing volume and shape
Plasma
Charged/ionized gas
Neutron Star
Densest, almost black hole
Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, just changed/transformed
Egypt Measurement
Pyramids built using body dimensions such as digits (3/4 in) and cubits (17.5 in)
Roman Measurement
Built roads in paces and miles (1000 pace = 2000 steps = 1 mile)
Danes Measurement
Water depth with fathoms (2 yards)
English Measurement
Distance through king's body such as yard, inch, foot, acre, hand
Customary System
The system of measurement that the United States uses
meter, kilogram, second, Kelvin, mole, ampere
Base Units
Giga
10^9
Mega
10^6
Kilo
10^3
Deka
10^1
Deci
10^-1
Centi
10^-2
Milli
10^-3
Micro
10^-6
Nano
10^-9
Pico
10^-12
Accuracy
How close you are to the correct measurement
Percent Error
(your answer-real answer)/real answer x 100
Precision
How close your answers are to each other
Base Unit
a base quantity, ex. m/s
Derived Unit
derived from a base quantity, ex. m^3
Specific Gravity
Density of substance/density of water, used to see float/sink
More stuff he'll put on the test
Also practice flm, density, graphing, and si figs
Studied by 41 People
