Terms 12

Ch.12: The Urinary and Male Reproductive Systems - Urology

Male produce

sperm for reproduction

Females produce

eggs for reproduction

Reproductive systems are responsible for

making the cells and bringing them together.

The kidneys have the function of maintaining:

* pH
* minerals
* water
* sugar

The basic working unit of the kidney is the

nephron.

A nephron is made up of:

* glomerulus
* capsule

Glomerulus

a bundle of capillaries

Capsule

a tube that collects the filtered fluid

Urinary System:

* Urine moves from the tubes to the renal pelvis.
* From the pelvis, it drains through a ureter and into the bladder.
* When the bladder is full, it stretches.
* Urination occurs when the bladder contracts through relaxed muscles.
* Urine travels from the bladder to the outside of the body through the urethra.

Glomerul/o

glomerulus

Nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

Pyel/o

renal pelvis

Ur/o, urin/o

urine

Lith/o

stone

Cyst/o, vesic/o

bladder

Urethr/o

urethra

Ureter/o

ureter

Meat/o

opening

Urologists care for the

urinary system and the male reproductive system.

Components of the male reproductive system

* Testicles
* Epididymis
* Vas deferens Seminal vesicle
* Prostate gland
* Penis

Balan/o

penis

Epididym/o

epididymis

Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o

testicle

Prostat/o

prostate

Sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i

sperm

Most common complaints associated with the urinary system

* Pain
* Urinating
* Urine

Complaints associated with the male reproductive system

* Testicles
* Erections
* Penile discharge

Anuria

lack of urination

Dysuria, urodynia

pain with urination

Enuresis

involuntary urination

Incontinence

inability to control urination

Nocturia

nighttime urination

Nocturnal enuresis

nighttime involuntary urinating

Hematuria

bloody urination

Oliguria

low urine output

Polyuria

excessive urination

Pyuria

pus in the urine

Urocyanosis

blue urine

Cystalgia, cystodynia

pain in the bladder

Cystoplegia

bladder paralysis

Polydipsia

excessive thirst

Nephralgia

pain in the kidney

Ureteralgia

pain in the ureter

Urethrodynia

pain in the urethra

Urethrorrhea

discharge from the urethra

Balanorrhea

discharge from the penis

Priapism

persistent and painful erection

Orchialgia, orchiodynia

testical pain

Orchidoptosis

downward displacement of a testicle

Exam of the patient

* Mental exam
* Abdominal exam for pain
* Examination of the penis
* Testicular exam
* Digital rectal exam

Laboratory tests

* Urinalysis
* Blood tests
* Radiography
* Ultrasound
* CT scan
* Urodynamic testing
* Related to male reproduction

Urinalysis

analysis of the urine to determine presence of abnormal elements

Albuminuria

protein in the urine

Azotorrhea

excessive discharge of nitrogen

Azoturia

excessive discharge of nitrogen

Glucosuria, glycosuria

sugar in the urine

Ketonuria

presence of ketones in the urine

Cystorrhexis

rupture of the bladder

Dipsogenic

cleaning thirst

Ketolysis

breakdown of ketones

Azotemia

excess nitrogen in the blood

Hyperkalemia

excessive potassium in the blood

Hyponatremia

low sodium in the blood

Uremia

urine in the blood

Ureterocele

hernia of a ureter

Ureterolithiasis

presence of stones in a ureter

Ureterostenosis

narrowing of a ureter

Meatal stenosis

narrowing of the opening of the urethra

Urethrospasm

involuntary contraction of the urethra

Urethrostenosis

narrowing of the urethra

Nephroptosis

downward displacement of a kidney

Nephrosis

kidney condition

Cystogram

image of the bladder

Cystography

process for recording/imaging the bladder

Cystoscopy

process for examining the bladder

Meatoscope

instrument for examining the opening of the urethra

Meatoscopy

process for examining the opening of the urethra

Nephroscopy

procedure for examining a kidney

Nephrogram

image of a kidney

Nephrography

procedure for imaging a kidney

Nephrosonography

procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves

Pyelogram

image of the renal pelvis

Retrograde pyelogram

image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney

Renal angiogram

image of a kidney blood vessel

Renal angiography

process of imaging a kidney blood vessel

Renal arteriogram

image of a kidney artery

Ureteroscopy

process of examining a ureter

Urethroscope

instrument for examining the urethra

Urethroscopy

process of examining the urethra

Ultrasonography

imaging procedure using high frequency sound waves

Voiding cystourethrogram

imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination

Nephrologist

specialist in the kidneys

Nephrology

study of the kidneys

Urologist

specialist in the urinary tract

Urology

study of the urinary tract

Resectoscope

instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate)

Blood urea nitrogen

nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy

Diuresis

excessive urination

Uropoiesis

formation of urine

Uroxanthin

substance in urine that makes it yellow