APUSH PERIOD 7

16TH AMENDMENT

***1913*** AMENDMENT PROVIDING A LEGAL BASIS FOR A GRADUATED INCOME TAX, WHICH HAD BEEN PREVIOUSLY DEEMED UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

17TH AMENDMENT

DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS

18TH AMENDMENT

***1918*** AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION BANNING THE PRODUCTION AND SALE OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. IT WAS REPEALED IN ***1933*** WITH THE 21ST AMENDMENT

19TH AMENDMENT

AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION GRANTING WOMEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE, PASSED IN ***1919***, AND RATIFIED INTO LAW IN ***1920***

CLAYTON ANTI TRUST ACT

***1914*** ACT THAT STRENGTHENED THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT BY BANNING CERTAIN CORPORATE OPERATIONS, SUCH AS PRICE DISCRIMINATION AND OVERLAPPING MEMBERSHIP ON COMPANY BOARDS, AND BY PROTECTING LABOR UNIONS. THE ACT WAS DESIGNED TO **ENCOURAGE ECONOMIC COMPETITION**.

CONSERVATIONISTS

SUPPORTERS OF THE PROGRESSIVE ERA POLITICAL AND SOCIAL MOVEMENT WHOSE SUPPORTERS WORKED FOR **THE PRESERVATION OF AMERICA’S WILDLIFE AND NATURAL LANDS**

FEDERAL RESERVE ACT

***(1913)*** A SYSTEM OF FEDERAL BANKS AND GAVE GOVERNMENT THE POWER TO CONTROL THE MONEY SUPPLY

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION

GIFFOR PINCHOT

HULL HOUSE

THE SETTLEMENT, BASED ON TOYNBEE HALL IN ENGLAND, ESTABLISHED BY JANE ADDAMS AND ELLEN STARR IN CHICAGO IN 1889. IT SERVED AS A CENTER OF SOCIAL REFORM AND PROVIDED EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WORKING-CLASS POOR IMMIGRANT WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN.

IDA TARBELL

JACOB RIIS

JANE ADDAMS

SOCIAL REFORMER WHO WORKED TO IMPROVE THE LIVES OF THE WORKING CLASS. IN 1889 SHE FOUNDED HULL HOUSE IN CHICAGO.

JOHN MUIR

LABOR STRIKES

MUCKRAKERS

INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISTS DURING THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES WHO SPECIALIZED IN EXPOSING CORRUPTION, SCANDAL, AND VICE. MUCKRAKERS HELPED BUILD PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR PROGRESSIVE CAUSES.

MULLER V. OREGON

1908 SUPREME COURT RULING THAT UPHELD AN OREGON LAW ESTABLISHING A TEN-HOUR WORK DAY FOR WOMEN.

MUNCIPAL REFORM

NATIONAL PARK

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NEW FREEDOM

TERM USED BY **WOODROW WILSON** TO DESCRIBE HIS **LIMITED-GOVERNMENT, PROGRESSIVE AGENDA.** WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM WAS OFFERED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S NEW NATIONALISM.

PAYNE-ALDRICH TARIFF

**1909** LEGISLATION INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF DUTIES PAID ON IMPORTS.

PRESERVATIONISTS

ROBERT LA FOLLETTE

GOVERNOR OF WISCONSIN HE FOUGHT AGAINST POLITICAL MACHINES AND CORRUPTION BY ESTABLISHING THE DIRECT PRIMARY

SOCIAL GOSPEL

RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT THAT ADVOCATED THE APPLICATION OF CHRISTIAN TEACHINGS TO SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. THE IDEALS OF THE SOCIAL GOSPEL INSPIRED MANY PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS

SQUARE DEAL

**TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S PLAN** TO PROVIDE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL STABILITY TO THE NATION BY GUARANTEEING THE RIGHTS OF EVERYDAY WORKERS AND PROTECTING BUSINESS INTERESTS.

TENEMENTS

MULTIFAMILY APARTMENT BUILDINGS THAT HOUSED MANY POOR URBAN DWELLERS AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. TENEMENTS WERE CROWDED, UNCOMFORTABLE, AND DANGEROUS.

THE JUNGLE

TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE

AN INFAMOUS INDUSTRIAL FIRE AT THE TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FACTORY IN NEW YORK CITY 1911. INADEQUATE FIRE SAFETY PROVISIONS LED TO THE DEATHS OF 146 WORKERS, MOSTLY YOUNG WOMEN AND GIRLS.

TRIPLE WALL OF PRIVILEDGE

UNIONS

GROUPS OF WORKERS SEEKING RIGHTS AND BENEFITS FROM THEIR EMPLOYERS THROUGH THEIR COLLECTIVE EFFORTS.

UPTON SINCLAIR

URBANIZATION

YMCA

WORLD WAR I

AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE

**(AEF)** ESTABLISHED IN ***1917*** AFTER THE US ENTERED **WWI**. TEHSE ARMY TROOPS SERVED IN EUROPE UNDER THE COMMAND OF **GENERAL JOHN J. PERSHING**.

CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER

COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION

**(CPI)** COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED IN ***1917*** TO CREATE PROPAGANDA AND PROMOTE CENSORSHIP TO GENERATE ENTHUSIASM FOR WWI AND STIFLE ANTIWAR DISSENT.

DOUGHBOYS

ESPIONAGE ACTS

***1917*** ACT THAT PROHIBITED ANTIWAR ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING OPPOSING THE MILITARY DRAFT. IT PUNISHED SPEECH CRITICAL OF THE WAR AS WELL AS DELIBERATE ACTIONS OF SABOTAGE AND SPYING.

FOOD ADMINISTRATIONS

NEW GOVERNMENT AGENCY CREATED DURING **WWI** TO REGULATE FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION. ITS HEAD, **HERBERT HOOVER**, SOUGHT TO INCREASE THE MILITARY AND CIVILIAN FOOD SUPPLY THROUGH MASSIVE PUBLIC CAMPAIGN OF VOLUNTARY CONSERVATION MEASURES SUCH AS FAMILY GARDENS AND “MEATLESS MONDAYS”.

FUEL ADMINISTRATIONS

GOVERNMENT AGENCY CREATED DURING WWI TO MANAGE THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FUEL SUCH AS COAL AND OIL.

GEORGE CREEL

HENRY CABOT LODGE

IRRECONCILABLES

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION PROPOSED BY **WOODROW WILSON** AFTER THE END OF **WWI** TO ENSURE WORLD PEACE AND SECURITY IN THE FUTURE THROUGH MUTUAL AGREEMENT. THE US FAILED TO JOIN THE LEAGUE BECAUSE WILSON AND HIS OPPONENTS IN CONGRESS COULD NOT WORK OUT A COMPROMISE.

NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD

(NWLB) GOV AGENCY CREATED IN 1918 TO SETTLE LABOR DISPUTES. THE NWLB CONSISTED OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM UNIONS, CORPORATIONS, AND THE PUBLIC.

SCHENK V. US

***1919*** SUPREME COURT RULING UPHOLDING THE CONVICTION OF THE SOCIALIST PARTY GENERAL SECRETARY **CHARLES SCHNECK** UNDER ***THE ESPIONAGE ACT*** FOR DISSEMINATING ANTI-CONSCRIPTION PAMPHLETS. JUSTICE OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES ARGUED THAT DURING WARTIME CONGRESS HAS THE AUTHORITY TO PROHIBIT INDIVIDUALS FROM USING WORDS THAT CREATE “A CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER”

SEDITION ACTS

***1918*** ACT ADDED TO **THE ESPIONAGE ACT**. IT PUNISHED INDIVIDUALS FOR EXPRESSING OPINIONS DEEMED HOSTILE TO THE US GOVERNMENT, FLAG, OR MILITARY.

TRADING WITH ENEMY ACT

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

**1919** TREATY OFFICIALLY ENDING WWI.

UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE

WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD

**(WIB)** GOV COMMISSION CREATED IN ***1917*** TO SUPERVISE THE PURCHASE OF MILITARY SUPPLIES AND OVERSEE THE CONVERSION OF THE ECONOMY TO MEET WARTIME DEMANDS. THE WIB EMBODIED A GOVERNMENT-BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP THAT LASTED BEYOND WAR WAR I.

WILSONS 14 POINTS

ZIMMERMAN NOTE

1917 TELEGRAM IN WHICH GERMANY OFFERED MEXICO AN ALLIANCE IN THE EVENT THAT THE US ENTERED WWI. THE TELEGRAM’S PUBLICATION IN AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS HELPED BUILD PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR WAR.

ROARING 20S

A. MITCHELL PALMER

AL CAPONE

BABE RUTH

CHARLES LINDBERGH

EMERGENCY QUOTA ACT

FLAPPERS

FORDNEY

FUNDAMENTALISM

GREAT MIGRATION TALKIES

HARLEM RENAISSANCE

THE WORK OF **HARLEM-BASED AFRICAN AMERICAN WRITERS, ARTISTS, AND MUSICIANS** THAT FLOURISHED **WWI** THROUGH THE ***1920S.***

HAWLEY-SMOOT TARIFF

**1930** ACT DESIGNED TO **INCREASE TARIFFS ON AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL IMPORTS IN ORDER TO AID STRUGGLING FARMERS.** HOWEVER, THE ACT CAUSED RETALIATORY TARIFFS BY OTHER COUNTRIES, WHICH BROADLY HURT AMERICAN BUSINESS

IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1924

JAZZ SINGER

KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT

ARMS CONTROL AGREEMENT THAT OUTLAWED WAR AS AN INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POLICY FOLLOWING **WORLD WAR I**. THE POLICY PROVED UNENFORCEABLE.

LOST GENERATION

TERM COINED BY THE WRITER **GERTRUDE STEIN** TO DESCRIBE THE WRITERS AND ARTISTS DISILLUSIONED WITH THE CONSUMER CULTURE OF THE ***1920S.***

MCCUMBER TARIFF

MCNARY-HAUGEN BILL

MODERN V. TRADITIONAL VALUES

NATIVISM

THE BELIEF THAT FOREIGNERS POSE A SERIOUS DANGER TO THE NATION’S SOCIETY AND CULTURE. NATIVIST SENTIMENT ROSE IN THE UNITED STATES AS THE SIZE AND DIVERSITY OF THE IMMIGRATION POPULATION GREW.

OHIO GANG

RED SCARE

THE FEAR OF COMMUNIST-INSPIRED RADICALISM IN THE WAKE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. THE RED SCARE CULMINATED IN THE PALMER RAIDS ON SUSPECTED RADICALS.

RETURN TO NORMALCY

SACCO & VANZETTI

1920 CASE IN WHICH NICOLA SACCO AND BARTOLOMEO VANZETTI WERE CONVICTED OF ROBBERY AND MURDER. THE TRIAL CENTERED ON THE DEFENDANTS’ FOREIGN BIRTH AND POLITICAL VIEWS RATHER THAN THE FACTS PERTAINING TO THEIR GUILT OR INNOCENCE.

SCOPES TRIAL

TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL

OIL AND LAND SCANDAL THAT HIGHLIGHTED THE CLOSE TIES BETWEEN BIG BUSINESSES AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN THE EARLY 1920S.

UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPORVEMENT ASSOCIATION

(UNIA) ORGANIZATION FOUNDED BY MARCUS GARVEY IN 1914 TO PROMOTE BLACK SELF-HELP, PAN-AFRICANISM, AND RACIAL SEPARATISM

VOLSTEAD ACT

WASHINGTON DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE

GREAT DEPRESSION

WORLDWIDE ECONOMIC COLLAPSE CAUSED BY OVERPRODUCTION AND FINANCIAL SPECULATION. IT AFFECTED THE UNITED STATES FROM OCTOBER OF 1929 UNTIL THE START OF WWII IN 1939.

AAA

BANK RUNS

BLACK TUESDAY

***OCTOBER 29, 1929*** CRASH OF THE US STOCK MARKET. THIS EVENT HAS HISTORICALLY MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION, THOUGH IT WAS NOT THE DEPRESSION’S ROOT CAUSE.

BONUS ARMY

**WWI VETERANS** WHO MARCHED ON WASHINGTON, D.C. IN ***1932*** TO DEMAND IMMEDIATE PAYMENT OF THEIR SERVICE BONUSES. **PRESIDENT HOOVER** REFUSED TO NEGOTIATE AND INSTRUCTED THE US ARMY TO CLEAR THE CAPITAL OF PROTESTORS, LEADING TO A VIOLENT CLASH.

CIVILLIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC)

NEW DEAL WORK PROGRAM THAT HIRED YOUNG, UNMARRIED MEN TO WORK ON CONSERVATION PROJECTS. IT EMPLOYED ABOUT 2.5 MILLION MEN AND LASTED UNTIL ***1942***.

COURT PACKING SCHEME

***1937*** PROPOSAL BY FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT TO INCREASE THE SIZE OF THE SUPREME COURT AND REDUCE ITS OPPOSITION TO NEW DEAL LEGISLATION. CONGRESS FAILED TO PASS THE MEASURE, AND THE SCHEME UNDERMINED ROOSEVELT’S POPULAR SUPPORT.

CIVIL WORKS ADMINISTRATION (CWA)

***1933*** NEW DEAL PROGRAM WHICH ONLY LASTED **FOUR MONTHS** BUT EMPLOYED MORE THAN 4 MILLION PEOPLE ON **400,000 PROJECTS,** SUCH AS BUILDING SCHOOLS, ROADS, PLAYGROUNDS, AND AIRPORTS.

DR. FRANCIS TOWNSEND

DUST BOWL

NAME FOR THE SOUTHERN PLAINS OF THE US DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION WHEN THE REGION EXPERIENCED MASSIVE DUST STORMS DUE TO SOIL EROSION CAUSED BY POOR FARMING PRACTICES AND DROUGHT.

EMERGENCY BANKING RELIEF ACT

***1933*** **NEW DEAL** EXECUTIVE ORDER THAT SHUT DOWN BANKS FOR SEVERAL DAYS TO CALM WIDESPREAD PANIC DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION.

FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT

***1938*** LAW THAT PROVIDED A **MINIMUM WAGE OF 40 CENTS AN HOUR** AND A FOURTY-HOUR WORKWEEK FOR EMPLOYEES IN BUSINESSES ENGAGED IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE.

FATHER CHARLES COUGHLIN

FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION (FDIC)

FEDERAL AGENCY CREATED UNDER THE NEW DEAL IN 1933. IT INSURED BANK DEPOSITS UP TO $5000, A FIGURE THAT WOULD SUBSTANTIALLY RISE OVER THE YEARS.

FIRESIDE CHATS

GLASS STEAGALL

***1933*** **NEW DEAL** LEGISLATION THAT ALLOWED SOLVENT BANKS TO REOPEN AND CREATED THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION (FDIC).

GOLD STANDARD