MMSC Exam 1 (Chapter 3 & 4)

-algia

pain

-dynia

pain

-cele

hernia

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-coccus

berry-shaped bacterium

-cyte

cell

-emia

blood condition

-genesis

condition or producing

-gram

record

-ectomy

excision, removal

-tomy

incision, cutting into

-stomy

creating or installing a new opening

-graph

instrument for recording

-graphy

process of recording

-gram

the recording itself

-itis

inflammation

-logy

study of

-lysis

breakdown, destruction, separation

-malacia

softening

-megaly

enlargement

-oma

tumor, mass, collection of fluid

-opsy

to view (under a microscope)

-osis

condition, usually abnormal

-pathy

disease condition

-penia

deficiency

-phil

attraction for 

-phobia

fear

-plasia

development, formation, growth

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptosis

dropping, sagging, prolapse

-sclerosis

hardening

-scope

instrument for visual examination

-scopy

process of visual examination

-stasis

stopping, controlling

-stomy

opening to form a mouth

-therapy

treatment

-tomy

incision, cutting into

-trophy

development, nourishment

-er

one who

-ia

condition

-ist

specialist

-ole

little, small

-ule

little, small

-um, -ium

structure, tissue

-us

structure, substance

-y

condition, process

-ac, -iac

pertaining to

-al

pertaining to 

-ar, -ary

pertaining to 

-eal

pertaining to 

-genic

pertaining to producing, produced by or in

-ic, -ical

pertaining to 

-oid

resembling

-ose

pertaining to, full of

-ous

pertaining to 

-tic

pertaining to 

three main groups of blood cells

erythrocytes, thrombocytes/platelets, and leukocytes

erythrocytes

1. red blood cell

   1. Made in bone marrow 

   2. Carry oxygen from the lungs to all body cells

   3. Hemoglobin : blood protein 

thrombocytes

1. clotting cells

   1. Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed in the bone marrow

   2. Necessary for blood clotting 

leukocytes

white blood cells

Five different kinds of leukocytes are

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

these five types of leukocytes are divided into 2 categories known as

granulocytes and agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes) 

granulocytes

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

agranulocytes

monocytes and lymphocytes

neutrophils

• are phagocytes for ingesting bacterial cells. Elevated during bacterial infections.

• Most abundant (40%-75%) types of leukocytes in mammals form an essential part of the innate immune system

• One of the first-responders of inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of infections, by eating bacterial cells (an action called phagocytosis) 

phagocytosis

action of eating bacterial cells

eosinophils

• contain toxic compounds to defend against infections by parasites and worms

• They increased in number in allergic conditions

• Increased in number in allergic reactions such as asthma

basophils

•  act in allergic reactions

•  developed into effector cells (in tissues) and then re-named as mast cells that release histamine

• Histamine released from granules in mast cells are associated with allergic responses 

monocyte

• further matured into effector cells called macrophages.

• Macrophages are better phagocytes, compared to the original monocytes

lymphocytes

• combating viral infections.

• elevated during viral infections.

• produce antibody

leukocytosis

•  an elevation in the numbers of normal white blood cells in response to an infection

• can be due to viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection, cancer, hemorrhage, and exposure to certain medications or chemicals

Abdominocentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen

Achondroplasia

 inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size; achondroplastic dwarfism 

Acromegaly

enlargement of extremities due to increased secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland 

Acrophobia

fear of heights

acute

characterized by severe symptoms and a short course of illness

Adenoids

small masses of lymphatic tissue in the throat, close to the nasal passageway

adipose

pertaining to fat 

Agoraphobia

fear of open spaces; an anxiety disorder

Amniocentesis

surgical puncture with a needle to withdraw fluid from within the amniotic sac

Anemia

condition marked by reduction in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in blood 

angiography

 x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

Angioplasty

surgical repair of a blood vessel 

Arteriosclerosis

hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque

Arthralgia

joint pain

Atrophy

decrease in size of normally developed organ or tissue of the body; wasting away

Axillary

pertaining to the under arm or armpit 

basophil

white blood cell containing dark granules that stain with a basic dye

biopsy

 process of removing a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination 

blepharoptosis

 sagging or drooping eyelid; ptosis 

bronchitis

inflammation of bronchial tubes

carcinogenic

pertaining to producing cancer

carcinogenesis

formation of production of cancer

Cardiomyopathy

disease of heart muscle 

Chemotherapy

treatment using drugs

Chondromalacia

softening of cartilage

Chronic

pertaining to occurring over a long time 

Colostomy

new opening of the colon through the abdominal wall too the outside of the body

Cystocele

hernia of the urinary bladder