Pathology of infectious diseases Week 3

What nutrients does legionaella pneumophila require from its host?

cysteine and iron

What is the primary method of transmission for legionella pneumophila?

Aerosolized water droplets (e.g. from an air conditioner, less commonly from humans)

What is the primary habitat for legionella pneumophila?

Warm water or soil

What is the toxin virulence factor contained in legionella pneumophila?

LPS layer endotoxin

T or F: Legionella pneumophila is motile

True

T or F: all gram - bacteria have LPS

True

What is the hallmark disease caused by legionella pneumophila?

Pontiac fever

What % of pneumonia cases are caused by legionella pneumophila?

4-5%

T or F: Pontiac fever causes severe fever and death

False (it causes mild symptoms)

Which disease caused by legionella pneumophila is often fatal and only affects the immunocompromised?

Legionnaires disease

What property is contained in the unique cell wall of mycobacterium?

Mycolic acid

What is the name of the cell wall found in mycobacteria?

Acid fast

How long does it take to culture mycobacteria?

3-6 weeks

What form of TB has no visible symptoms?

Latent TB

What is a small calcium carbonate nodule in the lung called?

Ghon Foci

What is mycobacterium infection of adjacent lymphatics called?

Ghon complex

What is it called when a complex undergoes fibrosis and calcification?

Ranke complex

What is the name of the TB skin test?

Tuberculin / Mantoux skin test

What is it called when TB has disseminated by hematogenous spread?

Miliary TB

What is the most common form of TB?

Pulmonary TB

What is the minimum size of induration required for a positive Mantoux skin test?

5 mm

Which antibiotics are used to treat active tuberculosis?

Isoniazid

Rifampin

Ethambutol

pyrazinamide

Where does mycobacterium bovis come from?

cattle

Where does mycobacterium avium come from?

birds

What is an AKA for leprosy?

Hansen's disease

Where does mycobacterium marinum come from?

fresh or saltwater

Which type of mycobacterium manifests primarily with miliary lung lesions?

mycobacterium scrofulaceum

What % of fungal infections occur in the lungs?

90%

T or F: The primary infectious mechanism of fungus is through inhalation of spores

True

What is the disease caused by Coccidioides immitis?

Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis)

How long does valley fever take to resolve?

1-3 months

What is the disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum?

Histoplasmosis

What is the disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and gatti?

Cryptococcosis

What is the disease caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis?

Blastomycosis

What is the disease caused by Sporotrichosis schenckii?

Sporotrichosis

What is the most resistant and invasive form of candida?

Candida auris

T or F: while normal individuals can be carriers for it, only the severely immunocompromised will develop infections from Pneumocystis jirovecii

True