Pysch 2562 exam 1

Remote Associations Test

A test that asks the participant to come up with a single association to link three apparently unrelated words; measure of creative activity

What APA president emphasized a new, modern approach on psychology of creativity?

J. G. Guilford

Individualist approach

Creativity is a new combination of thoughts, concepts, or ideas that are expressed in the world

Sociocultural approach

Creativity is not defined by the individual but a social group and should be appropriately valuable

Four C Model of Creativity

Mini C, Little C, Pro C, Big C

What type of "c model creativity" is demonstrated by the following:

Learning how to cook rice

a. Mini C

b. Pro C

c. Big C

d. Little C

A

What type of "c model creativity" is demonstrated by the following:

Adding new seasonings and ingredients to rice

a. Pro C

b. Mini C

c. Little C

d. Big C

C

What type of "c model creativity" is demonstrated by the following:

Being a principal dancer in a large, well known dance company

a. Big C

b. Little C

c. Pro C

d. Mini C

C

What type of "c model creativity" is demonstrated by the following:

Jose Limon's creation of the Limon technique which is still taught and performed widely today

a. Pro C

b. Big C

c. Little C

d. Mini C

B

Taylor's 5

Expressive, productive, inventive, innovative, emergentive

Four P model of creativity

Product (focus on creative products), person (focus on creative personality traits), process (focus on creative processes), place (focus on pressures on creative person/processes)

Problem solving and problem finding study (Kozbelt 2003)

College students asked to create original drawings using assigned objects.

- Best art = less time drawing more time revising (problem finding)

- Worse art = more time drawing less time revising (problem solving)

Democratic view of creativity

Creative is used as a term of praise, making people believe everyone is creative and people should not judge art; creativity loses meaning

Discovery

Finding something already present and sharing it

Invention

Unearthing something that was not present before

Creativity

Unearthing and sharing something that was not present before

Seekers of creativity

no clear idea + trial and error, work has even quality, expert skills

Finders of creativity

clear goals, capstone works form reputation, change domain's rules

Evidence that you can't come up with something from nothing

- Create an alien with no shared elements of any animal human

- Create a color you have never seen before

Hero's Journey/Monomyth

Most stories told follow this pattern: ordinary world, call to adventure, refusal of call, meeting the mentor, crossing the threshold, tests + allies + enemies, approach of inmost cave, supreme ordeal, reward, the road back, resurrection, and return

What are the elements of an individualist approach to creativity?

- new

- a combination of two or more thoughts or concepts never combined before by that person

- expressed in the world

What are the elements of a sociocultural approach to creativity? How can you best separate this from the individualist approach?

- Not defined by individual but rather a social group

- Recognized as useful or valuable

Key difference: Society decides what is creative rather than it being creative for the individual

Video: Four Chords Main Idea

Almost every popular pop song uses the same 4 chord progression

How might someone assess the creativity of a broadway musical?

- Length of run

- Box office sales

- Awards, reviews

How might someone assess the creativity of a painting?

- Auction price

- # of museums displaying painter's works

- How often painter's works appear in a textbook

How might someone assess the creativity of a scientist?

- Number of publications in academic journals

- # of citations by other scientists

- Awards

Consistency in how we assess others creativity

Not always the best way of assessing creativity, leaves out other types of creativity (ex: individualist approach, "little c" creativity)

- Collective judgement: judged by other experts in the domain

- Exceptional creativity: designed with the sociocultural definition of creativity in mind ("big c")

Describe the findings of the theoretical situation where a patient has a tumor in his stomach that needs to be operated on with a laser.

After participants were given the metaphor of the fortress that is being invaded with small army groups, participants understood that the answer was to use a bunch of small lasers to create the high intensity needed to destroy the tumor; Example of convergent thinking

Convergent thinking

coming up with only one right answer

Divergent thinking

coming up with many possible solutions scored for:

- fluency: # of responses

- originality: # or uniqueness of responses

- flexibility: # or uniqueness of categories

- elaboration: extension of ideas within category

Divergent thinking: deciding on a birthday present

- fluency: coming up with as many birthday presents possible

- originality: presents no one else would ever think of

- flexibility: list different types of presents they would like

- elaboration: list different cooking (or any other specific topic)-related presents

Structure of Intellect Model - SOI (Guilford)

Proposed 24 distinct types of divergent thinking = 4 kinds of content (figural, symbolic, semantic, behavioral) x 6 categories of product (units, classes, relations, systems, transformations, implications)

- Ex: list alternative titles for Star Wars

Tests of Creative Thinking - TTCT (Torrance)

Based on SOI; used to realize creative potential of children

- Ex: figural (drawing tasks) or verbal tasks

Issues with Divergent Thinking Tests

- Emphasis on quantity: should be quantity + quality instead

- Weak predictability: high scores don't correlate highly with real creative output

- Stability: should be measuring a stable trait but it is influenced by circumstances (pictures or verbal instruction

Big 5

Way of measuring the creative person: personality B

Openness to experience*

- predicts creative achievement, behaviors, and performance

Concietiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

Measuring creative activity

- Remote Associations test

- Combining different disciplines (ex: biochem)

- Creative functioning test (measures flexible thinking and creative strength)

Measuring the creative product

- Hall mosaic construction

- IPAR word rearrangement

- Consensual assessment technique

Hall Mosaic Construction

30 minutes to make a 8 by 10 mosaic out of 1 inch squares which are scored on six aesthetic dimensions by experts

IPAR Word Rearrangement

Person is given 50 words selected at random and is told to make a story using as many of the words as possible. Stories rated for originality on a 9 point scale

Consensual Assessment Technique

Expert judges rate creativity of something based on craftsmanship, originality, and aesthetic value

Self reports that measure creativity

- Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS)

- Lifetime Creativity Scale (LCS)

- Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ)

Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS)

Self report; 23 item scale in which you rate your creativity given different statements (strongly disagree to strongly agree).