Mod 3: Animal Thoracic Limb Skeleton

Term for how this walks

plantigrade

definition: plantigrade

to walk on the phalanges, metacarpal and carpal bones

Term for how this animal walks?

Digitigrade

definition: digitigrade

to walk on the digits

Term For how this animal walks

unguligrade

definition: unguligrade

to walk on hooves

how does the skeleton of large animals accommodate their weight?

by straightening/lengthening the distal part of the limb;

Lengthening of the metacarpus

how many digits do bovines have?

two

How many digits do a equines have?

1

what is the digit in horses?

third metacarpal bone, third digit

which metacarpals are fused in cattle?

third and fourth metacarpals

This is the Palmer view of what animal?

Dog

This is the Palmer view of what animal?

Horse

This is the Palmer view of what animal?

Cow

where does most of the lameness in horses occur? And why?

60% of weight is on forelimbs.

The forelimb, distal to, and including the carpus.

Where is the carpus is located in large animals?

halfway up the limb

what is the biggest difference between the distal limb of large animals versus small animals?

– The distal limb in large animals is straighter

What is the carpus usually called in horses?

The knee

This is the forelimb of what animal?

Dog

This is the forelimb of what animal?

horse

This is the forelimb of what animal?

Cow

Out of the following three animals (dog, horse, cow) has an acromion process?

Dog, cow

do equines have an acromion process?

no

Is the scapula of which animal?

Dog

This is the scapula of which animal?

Horse

This is the scapula of which animal?

Cow

Supraspinous fossa

infraspinous fossa

Subscapular fossa

Scapular, neckscapular neck

serrated face

supraglenoid tubercle

scapular spine

acromion

note: only in dogs and cows

Supraglenoid tubercleSupraglenoid

Supraspinous fossa

Infraspinatus fossa

Subscapular fossa

bov

serrated face

scapular neck

Scapular notch

where is the scapular notch located?

on the cranial surface

what is an addition to the horses humerus that has not seen in the other animals?

A raised ridge on the articular surface, the intermediate tubercle

what is noted about the greater tubercle in the cow humerus?

very big, has a cranial and caudal part

K9 humerus

Horse

humerus

Cow

humerus

humeral head

what is the location of humeral head?

Caudal

what is the location of the greater tubercle?

Lateral

Where is the lesser tubercle?

Medial

greater tubercle

lesser tubercle

intermediate tubercle

Intertubercular groove

Humeral head

how many intertubercular grooves are there in the horse? Why?

2

Because there is an additional intermediate tubercledo you?

\

what is the function of the epicondyles?

muscle attachment

Lateral epicondylar crest

Medial epicondyle

Olecranon fossa

Humeral head

bov

Greater tubercle

Lesser tubercle

Intertubercular groove

Deltoid tuberosity

Humeral condyle

Lateral epicondyle

Medial epicondyle

Olecranon fossa

Teres major tuberosity

Teres minor tuberosity

What is important to do it between the radius and ulna of large animals and small animals?

R/L are fused in large animals

In the horse, which metacarpal bone and digit supports the weight?

Third metacarpal

3rd digit

What is a consequence of the partially fused radius and ulna in the large animal?

Decreased movement in the anti-brachium

K9 antebrachium

Which is longer, the radius or the ulna?

Ulna

Eq

antebrachium

radius/ulna - bov

Eq

Body of the ulna

Eq

Body of the radius

Radial head

q

Trochlear notch

Eq

Anconeus

Eq

Olecranon

Eq

Olecranon tuberosity

Eq

\-when dorsal view, lateral styloid process on L

Eq

Medial styloid process

\-when dorsal view, medial is on the right side

Bov

ulnar body

Radial body bov

radial head bov

bovine, trochlear notch

bovine Anconeal process

Bovine olecranon

Bovine olecranon tuberosity

Bov Lateral styloid process

Bov Medial styloid process

K9 carpus

Eq carpus

Bov carpus