CCA 103 Exam #2

shot

one uninterrupted run of the camera

take

number of times a shot is taken

clapper or clapboard

Editor can match sound and picture

Camera

Recording device that includes: Iris (aperture), Lenses, Short focal length, & Long focal length

tripod

stand to hold camera

lenses

optical devices used by cams to focus image onto film stock

rack focus

shifting focus from one subject to another

pan shot

side to side or horizontal movement

tilt shot

up and down or vertical movement

dolly shot

camera moves forward on little cart along track

tracking shot

camera follows subject's movement

crane shot

crane holds camera shooting from above

aerial shot

camera in the air or birds eye view

eye-level shot

shot made from the observer's eye level

low angle shot

camera location is below normal eye-level compared to the subject

high angle shot

camera location is above normal eye-level

dutch angle shot

shot in which the camera is tilted from its normal horizontal & vertical positions

Extreme Long Shot

Shows the object from a great distance

long shot

a framing technique used capture the environment AND full body of subject

medium shot

A relatively close shot, revealing the human figure from the knees or waist up

master shot or american shot or two shot

The recording of a full scene, from start to finish, that has all of the talent and action in one framed sequence.

"actor in environment"

full body shot

a shot that includes a person from head to toe

medium long shot

somewhere between a medium shot and a full shot, showing the subject from the knees up

medium close up shot

frames the body from the chest up

close up shot

Shows a particular part of a subject with more detail, example: framing a subject from shoulders up

Extreme Close-Up Shot

Shows a particular part of a subject with extreme detail

Point of View (POV)

the perspective from which a narrative is told

Over the shoulder shot

shot taken from the vantage point of behind one of the characters, and including the person's shoulder and/or back of the head.

apple crates

can be used for any reason: to make a person taller, prop up equipment, etc

Garret Brown

invented Steadicam which uses gyroscope

Helicopter/Drone Shot

shot taken from a helicopter or drone

Hubble Space Telescope

a space telescope and camera used to study space elements

microscopic camera

device that attaches to the eyepiece of a microscope and records the subject being viewed

cinematographer (director of photography)

in charge of camera shots

lighting

for visibility and to create mood or special effects

key light

main source of light

fill light

illumination from a source less bright than the key light, used to soften deep shadows & create contrast

Back light (edge light/rim light/kicker)

illumination from behind + above the subject and opposite the camera

hard light

Light emitted from a relatively small source positioned close to the subject. It tends to be unflattering because it creates deep shadows and emphasizes surface imperfections

soft light

light which has a soft edge and produces subtle shadows and tones

Gobo

metal cutout that is placed in front of the lens of a lighting instrument to create different shadowed images on stage

Modeling Light

a light bulb in the main flash unit that is used to help the photographer see how the flash will illuminate the subject; so you can see as you set up the shot.

Halloween Lighting (bottom lighting)

Lighting directed at a subject from below, a direction that casts dramatic shadows on vertical surfaces and distorts facial features by reversing the normal placement of illumination and shadows.

product designer

supervises film visuals, works with director, screenplay to life

art director

designs the sets and works with the set decorator and scenic artists

director

oversees creative aspects of every part of the film

production design/ art direction

The planning and creation of sets, costumes, mattes, and miniatures according to an overall concept articulated by the production designer in collaboration with the director.

scenery

Onstage decoration to help establish the time and place of a play

dreamscape or set

Environment the characters live in, Real or imagined, Backdrop and acting space for character

- Information - story: who, what, when, where, why?

- Emotional mood

- Character's state of mind

set design

A scale drawing of the set, as viewed from above, that illustrates the location of furniture, walls, doors, and windows.

costumer

Person responsible for providing the costumes for a shoot: hair, wigs, makeup, etc

Props

Articles or objects that appear

German Expressionism

- Camera sees the environment.

- Environment shows psychology

- Camera sees lighting. Lighting shows psychology (dark = more dangerous)

EX: The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) - Jagged edges, distorted sets, makeup show character's mental state

cinematography

"painting with light"

soundstage

A windowless, soundproofed, professional shooting environment that is usually several stories high and can cover an acre or more of floor space.

Backlots

Standing exterior sets of such common locales as a frontier town, a turn-of-the-century block, a European village and so on.

shooting on location

shooting of a film or television production in a real-world setting rather than a sound stage or backlot

colors: white

religious, stability, pure, sterile, virgin, bride, heroine, heroes, good

colors: black

death, evil, villain, witch, burying the dead, piety, formal, making a statement

colors: blue

tranquility, sad, night, leading actors

this color room = highest english & creating test scores

colors: yellow

sun, happy, devil, hell, "yellow belly," danger, gold, halo, resurrection, birth, kitchen, fire, golden hour

Best math scores in this color room

colors: orange + amber

funny, memory

back story in "the godfather"

colors: green/blue

spring, country, rural, fertility/luck, bizarre

colors: green/yellow

sick, alien

colors: pink

little girls

colors: purple

royal, wizards

colors: brown

peasant, rural, autumn, dusk

colors: gray/silver

diamond, medieval, rainy, armor, aging, metal

colors: red

royal, wealth, sexual, daring, strength, danger, devils

Orson Wells: War of the Worlds radio broadcast

mass hoax that was supposed to be an innocent prank--some brief listeners actually believed it

Orson Wells: Macbeth

stage play done with an all black cast

Orson Wells: Julius Caesar

a modern-dress bare-stage production that evoked comparison to contemporary Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany (Hitler)

Citizen Kane

repeatedly voted best film ever,

Based off William Randolph Hearst: Largest newspaper publishing tycoon in world, Left wife for mistress: Marion Davies - a talented actress that Wells turned into a blonde bimbo, Hearst destroys Wells: tried to buy all copies of Citizen Kane and destroy them

Made sure Wells never made another successful film

San Simeon Castle

Hearst built it south of San Francisco, Xandau in Citizen Kane

Empty life = oversized, empty "stage sets"

Orson Wells: Deep Space Sound

Put microphones in ceiling to capture sounds at different distances

Citizen Kane "Rosebud"

Trade name of the sled Kane was playing on the day he was taken away from his home and his mother.

It represented the simplicity, the comfort, above all the lack of responsibility in his home, and also it stood for his mother's love which Kane never lost.

Greg Toland

Cinematographer of Citizen Kane

Rule of Thirds

A composition rule that divides the screen into thirds horizontally and vertically, like a tic-tac toe grid placed over the picture on a television set. Almost all of the important information included in every shot is located at one of the four intersections of the horizontal and vertical lines

Left, middle, right / top, middle, bottom

depth of field

the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

Wells mastered use of 3 actors or 3 props

Deep Space Pictures

Foreground and background are in sharp focus

Filmed bright foreground and black background

deep focus picture

- foreground and background in focus

- Bright background, dark foreground

reverse makeup

- Reverse age: shot actors older then younger on same set with slight change of props

- Start day with old makeup then later remove to make actors look younger

Matte Painting / glass painting

- part of scene is painted - part of scene is real - when put together looks real

- Can use glass to shoot and place things in certain environments

Models and Miniatures

Live action or modeled (3-D)

Film genres: action/adventure

adventure, fast paced, physical, violence (evil), explorer (exotic locals), survival (impossible missions, saving the world), visually spectacular

Film genres: comedy

make us laugh & forget our problems, slapstick (physical, becomes fraternity & sorority paddle), sophisticated (verbal comedy), situational, character

EX: Eddie murphy plays multiple comic characters, The Hangover, The Bridesmaids, The Proposal, Coming to America, Wedding Crashers, Lady Bird, Juno

Film genres: romantic comedy

adapts to current social mores: witty dialogue, physical rhythm, battle of the sexes (happy ending): Ticket to Paradise

- 1960s: sexual revolution killed romance in film. Sexual freedom = no conflict = no drama

- AIDS ends freedom. You can die from sex

- Confusion of: female having it all & still raising a family, sex was not necessarily physical... vampires blood sucking = orgasm, Pretty Woman

- 21st century: fantasy (beauty & beast, etc), new realities (brokeback mountain, american beauty, etc)

Film genres: screwball comedy

golden age - depression times; rich, sophisticated, elegance; women strong professional (upper class): Some Like it Hot

Film genres: romantic tragedy

unhappy ending - MOST POPULAR, unrequited love, reminds us of our first breakup, someone dies (romeo & juliet, titanic, etc)

Film genres: musicals

high emotion, song & dance, happy ending

EX: Singing in the Rain, Wizard of Oz, West Side Story, Sound of Music, Cabaret, Chicago, Beauty and the Beast

West Side Story: Arian DeBose Oscar acceptance speech

Film genres: fantasy

improbable - impossible characters & events

EX: Trip to the Moon, Lord of the Rings, Avatar, Black Panther, Avengers

Film genres: science fiction

results of science (good & bad), discovery, experimentation, special effects, exploration of space

Film genres: mystery

crime & detective, suspense, try to solve crime

Agatha Christie had different ending for: novel, london/broadway stage adaptation, movie adaptations, TV adaptations

Film genres: film noir

low underbelly of urban life, weak male hero has Greek classic flaw, what makes you great will destroy you, male trapped in downward spiral, strong women = spider woman, woman uses sex to seduce, control, and destroy the male

Film genres: thriller

PSYCHO, what happens next, white knuckles

Film genres: horror

scares us to death, fear

EX: It, Get Out, Halloween Ends, The Shape of Water

Film genres: crime

underworld vs law enforcement, gangsters

EX: The Godfather, Goodfellas, The Departed, The Irishman, Criminal Minds, Sherlock, etc

Film genres: war

action, can be background for action, hero created by war

EX: Saving Private Ryan, Lawrence of Arabia, Apocalypse Now, War is Hell

Film genres: epic

spectacular, visually breathtaking, star actors, larger than life characters, multiple exotic locations

EX: Lord of the Rings, Avengers

Film genres: westerns

good guys & bad guys, set in american west (LA), Indians are noble or evil, cowboys, outlaws, shoot out

EX: Django Unchained