History Final - 5/28/2023

# If someone is not born in the US and wants to become a citizen, they must go through the...

Naturalization Process

**A Green Card allows someone to temporarily stay in the US (true or false)**

false

All aliens are living in the US illegally (true or false)

false

The naturalization process typically takes around…

10 years

Political ideologies and political parties are the same thing (true or false)

false

Shared beliefs about government come from our founding documents such as the…

Constitution

Conservatives tend to favor…

more military spending

A devout liberal would probably be opposed to…

cutting social security or medicaid

What are demographics?

statistical data about a population

Conservatives tend to support the Democratic party (true or false)

false

Demographics in a population change over time for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Trick question: Demographics do not change over time.

What's the difference between a push/pull factor?

A push factor is something that causes someone to leave their country (war, famine). A pull factor is something that motivates someone to move to a particular country (freedom, wealth)

What is nativism? 

The idea that native born are best (ex = people born here in the US are better than immigrants).

Conservative value

limited government, lower taxes, more personal financial responsibility, more spending on military, more traditional values

Liberal value

More government regulation, support social welfare programs, civil liberties, less military spending.

What was one problem related to urbanization in the late 1800s/early 1900s?

Lack of good housing, lack of government services to keep up, increase in crime and poverty, crowding

What is the difference between a green card and a visa?

A visa is necessary in order to travel to another country for an extended period of time, there are many types of visas including work visas and school visas. A green card is necessary in order to permanently stay in a country (this doesn't equal citizenship though).

What was the purpose of the Civil Rights movement?

It brought attention to the fact that certain people in this country (blacks) did not have equal rights and it organized people in order to fight for those rights (voting, ending segregation)

What were Jim Crow Laws?

Laws in the South that discriminated against freed blacks (poll tax, literacy test, segregation)...these were ways of getting around the 13, 14, and 15th amendments. 

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th amendment

citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

What is the word for “right to vote”

suffrage

What was the Radical Republican's goal during Reconstruction?

To punish the South and ensure that freed African Americans' rights were being protected. 

How does Reconstruction (1865-1877) connect to the Civil Rights movement (1950s/60s)?

After the Civil War, the South was still able to create laws that limited the rights of Blacks.  These rights for fought for in the Civil Rights Movement.

What was prohibition?

Banning of alcohol during the 1920s. 

What was the goal of the New Deal?

To fix the economic problems of the Great Depression (ex - create jobs, help those in need)

Name a cause of the Great Depression

Too much speculation (risky investing), banks collapsed and weren't insured, stock market crash

Describe how Herbert Hoover was laissez-faire when it came to handling the Great Depression

He didn't want the government to be very involved in fixing things...he thought eventually it would work itself out. 

What was the Bonus Army march?

WWI vets were angry about not being paid for their service...they march on Washington (capitol) to get their pay...many were arrested during the protest. 

What is Manifest Destiny?

Belief that it was America's rights/destiny to expand west and reach from ocean to ocean.

Give one reason why being a pioneer on the western frontier was so difficult. 

Not a lot of people/supplies,  farming was difficult, Native American interactions, had to start from scratch, etc

What is imperialism and provide a reason why people would want to imperialize.

When a stronger nation tries to take over the economy of a weaker nation. Trade, military expansion, new resources & the 3 G's (God, Glory, Gold)

What was the USS Maine and describe the controversy surrounding it?

US ship that exploded in the Havana harbor; we blamed Spain for it and entered the Spanish-American War.  It could have blown up by accident

Should we have annexed the Philippines?  Why or why not? (yes)

Yes: It gave us access to resources, the people did not know how to govern themselves, we could spread our religious beliefs. 

Should we have annexed the Philippines?  Why or why not? (no)

No: The Filipinos did not want to be our colony, it went against our beliefs, it would cost us $ to occupy it. 

Give one reason why the US did not win the war in Vietnam. 

Difficult terrain, no support on the home front, unwillingness to shut down the Ho Chi Minh trail, hard to identify the enemy, fighting against guerilla tactics, overly confident

What event pulled the US into WWII. What was the date?

Pearl Harbor. December 7, 1941

Give two events that pulled the US into WWI

Sinking of Lusitania (and other ships), Zimmerman note, protecting our loans to the Allies, strong trade relationship with the Allies. 

Describe two components of the Treaty of Versailles. Also, what was the Treaty of Versailles?

Treaty of Versailles ended WWI. Heavily punished Germany by forcing it to pay war reparations, giving up land/colonies, admit full guilt. Also created the League of Nations. 

What was the Cold War and name 3 Cold War events. 

Conflict between the US and USSR to determine who would be top dog and which system of government would prevail (capitalism or communism). Division of Germany, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Chinese Revolution, Cuban Revolution, Korean War, Vietnam War, Red Scare, Space Race, Arms Race

Name two different equal rights/social movements

Civil Rights movement (African Americans),Women's Rights Movement, American Indian Rights Movement, Hispanic/Chicano Movement

Name two events that happened during the Civil Rights movement

Montgomery bus boycott, Crisis at Little Rock, March on Washington, sit-ins,

What was Brown v. Board of Education?

Determined that "separate but equal" it NOT equal and required schools to start integrating. It was the catalyst for ending segregation in other public places as well. 

Name two things that were in place in the South that were meant to keep blacks from exercising their right to vote.

Poll Tax, literacy test, KKK

What was Martin Luther King Jr.'s philosophy/belief regarding protest and give one example. 

Civil disobedience (peacefully not following the law and accepting whatever consequences follow). An example would be a march, a sit-in, a boycott...could result in getting arrested and he would accept that. 

Name a cause of WWI

MAIN; Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Name two details about trench warfare. 

Filthy, trench foot and trench mouth, lack of sanitation, lice, spread of disease, designed in a complex system where each section had a certain job, area between trenches=no man's land. 

What were the name of the two alliances in WWI and who were major countries in each? 

Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire

Allies: GB, France, Russia, US, Serbia

What were the names of the two alliances in WWII and who were major countries in each?

Axis Powers: Germany, Austria, Italy, Japan

Allies: US, GB, France, USSR

Give two similarities and two differences between WWI and WWII. 

Similarities: US on Allies each time, US enters after war has begun each time

Differences: WWI women can't serve, WWII women can serve

US wanted to stop the spread of what during the Cold War. 

communism

Describe the Cuban Missile Crisis. 

Occurred after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. Soviet Union began supplying Cuba with nukes. A deal was struck between JFK and Khrushchev that the US would remove its missiles from Turkey if USSR would remove missiles from Cuba. This was the closest we got to actual nuclear war during Cold War.

Describe the Bay of Pigs invasion. 

This was the US's attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro, the communist leader of Cuba. We trained up Cuban exiles living here in the US and deployed them to Cuba...they were supposed to invade and overthrow Castro. The whole thing was a major flop...most of the Cuban exiles were killed or captured and this event caused the Cuban Missile Crisis. 

Give two reasons the American home front was not supportive during the Vietnam War.

My Lai, Kent State shooting, Pentagon Papers, Media coverage, draft/voting age

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What best explains why the US and USSR never got involved in direct conflict with one another?

If nukes were used = guaranteed mutual destruction.

During which decade was the Great Depression?

1930s

What was the name of FDR's plan to end the Great Depression called?

New Deal

Name a difference between presidents Hoover and FDR.

Hoover: President at beginning of Great Depression, laissez-faire approach, one term president. FDR: President at end of Great Depression, heavy government involvement in fixing the problem, longest serving president...elected 4 times

What event or program was truly responsible for pulling the US out of the Great Depression? 

WWII

Name and describe a program that was created during the New Deal and is still around today

Social Security: retirement program; FDIC: Protects money in banks; SEC: prevents fraud from happening in the stock market

Why was prohibition largely unsuccessful? 

It was very hard to enforce..would have needed to hire WAY more cops to enforce this...plus many law enforcement still drank as well...(speakeasies) 

Name one cultural development of the 1950s and how it impacted society

Suburbs: becomes symbol of American Dream

Flashy cars: status symbol, people moving around more

McDonalds: Fast food...

Rock and Roll: created tension between kids and parents

TV/TV Shows: many created an illusion of a perfect society. 

Name a cultural thing from the 1970s and how it changed society.

Hippies/Counterculture movement: people begin to abandon/question traditional/mainstream values

Disco: Dance moves that took the nation by storm

TV shows start to show less than perfect family (All in the Family)

New technological advances

Name a cultural thing from the 1920s and how it changed America.

Jazz: black artists/musicians start to rise to fame and whites enjoyed the music as well.

Flappers: pushing against traditional values

Movies: An American pass time is born

How have roles for women changed over time?  Use specific examples of events to describe your answer.

Seneca Falls began the movement: focused on property ownership, divorce, rights, suffrage (although not everyone on board with it)

World Wars: Women enter the workforce, start gaining more independence

Suffrage Movement: 19th Amendment

NOW: National Organization of Women, continuing to fight for equal rights for women including equal access to college/education, equal pay etc. 

In the 1800s and into the early/mid 1900s the majority of immigrants to the US were from Asia (true or false)

false

# Reasons people leave their home country and move to another are referred to as...

Push/Pull Factors

An immigrant leaving their country due to lack of farmland is a push factor (true or false)

true

The idea that the US is the land of opportunity is a push factor (true or false)

false

Today, most immigrants to the US are coming from…

Asia and Mexico

Most European immigrants entered the US through

Ellis Island

# Compared to Ellis Island, Asian immigrants entering through Angel Island often faced harsher conditions (true or false)

true

A Greek immigrant learning the English language is an example of

Assimilation

The rapid growth of cities in the US in the late 1800s.

urbanization

MLK became the face of the Civil Rights movement after his involvement in the handling the Crisis in Little Rock (true or false)

false

Who was elected President of the United States in 1860?

Abraham Lincoln

Where was the first battle of the Civil War fought?

Fort Sumter

Which of the these states did not secede from the United States?

Kentucky

Who was the first, and only, President of the Confederacy?

Jefferson Davis

Which of these was the North's weakness going into the Civil War?

military leadership

What battle was the bloodiest of the Civil War?

Gettysburgh

What color of uniform did the Union often wear?

Navy blue

What color of uniform did the Confederacy often wear?

gray

What's the name of the ship that battled the CSS Virginia?

USS Monitor

The Union created paper money during the Civil War called:

Green backs

Who was the Secretary of State for the Union during the Civil War?

William Seward

About how many freed slaves fought for the Union?

130,000

Who lead the Confederacy at the battle of Fort Sumter?

P.G.T. Beauregard

Where was the first women's rights convention?

New York

What did the Decloration of Sentiments say?

That all men and women were created equal

When did women get the right to vote?

1920

When did the second wave of the women's rights movement take place?

1960s and 70s

JFK was president during this global conflict.

Cold War

Kennedy’s optimistic plan for the future of America was called the…

New Frontier

When was the first transcontinental railroad completed?

1869

Who built most of the railroads?

chinese immigrants

In order for railroads to run efficiently, time zones were established (true or false)

true

This person was elected in 1932...people were hopeful he would do more to end the Depression.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

FDR made people feel connected to him through his

fireside chats