Hematology 1

CD34

surface marker of hematopoietic stem cell

19 day of gestation

mesoblastic phase begins at

intravascular hematopoiesis

type of hematopoiesis that occurs in mesoblastic phase

primitive erythroblast

actively produced in mesoblastic phase

embyronic hemoglobin

hgb produced un mesiblastic phase

5-7th week of gestation

hepatic phase begins at the

liver, lymph node, thymus, spleen, kidney

site if hematopoiesis in hepatic phase

extravascular hematopoiesis

type of hematopoissis that occurs in the hepatic phase

hemoglobin f

predominant hgb in hepatic phase

erythroblasts, granulocytes, monocytes

actively produced in hepatic phase

megakaryocytes

productiin of these cellsnbegin at the hepatic phase

4th or 5th month

medillary or myeloid phase begins at

myeloid phase

phase of hematopoiesis that occurs in the bone marrow

end of 24 weeks of gestation

time at whih the bone marrow becomes the primary site of hematopoiesis

roximal ends of long bones, skull, sternum, shoulder, iliac crest, vertebrae, ribs

primary site of bone marrow hematopoiesis

no

can stem cells be distinguished morphologically?

serological surface marker

how are stemcells distinguished?

CD33

aurface marker of myeloid

CD71

surface marker of erythroid

CD5/CD7

surface marker of t lymphoid

CD10

surface marker of b lymphoid

receptor of transferrin

CD71 also acts as a

G,M-CSF

pan-myeloid growth factor

IL3

multipotential colony stimulatin factor

IL6

activating factor and acts in synergy with other factors

IL11

promotes formation of B cells and for megakaryocytes

thrombopoietin

for maturation of megakaryocytes and platelet production

erythropoietin

growth and differentiation of erythroid precursors

18-21 days

how long is erythrocyte maturation

BFU-E\>CFU-E\>Pronormoblast\>Mature RBC

Order of erythrocyte maturation

Pronormoblast

first recognizable stage of rbc

basophilic to acidophilic

color of cytoplasm of erythrobkast unto more mature stages

rubriblast

other term for pronormoblast

basophilic normoblast

other term for prorubricyte

polychromatic normoblast

other term for rubricyte

Orthochromic normoblast

other term for metarubricyte

12-20um

cell diameter of rubriblast

10-15um

cell diameter of prorubricyte

10-12um

cell diameter of rubricyte

8-10um

cell diameter of metarubricyte and polychromatic erythrocyte

6-8um

normal size RBC

globin production

begins at the rubriblast stage

size of a monocyte

rubriblast is described to be close to the \_______________________ in terms of size

prorubriblast

most basophilic phase of rbc

wheel with broad spokes

8n the prorubricyte stage, the chromatin begins to condense and resembles

hemoglobin synthesis

in the prorubr8cyte stage, detectable synthesis of what protein occurs?

rubricyte

first stage of rbc in which pink color is seen

hemoglobin

cause of pink color in rbc

mitosis

rubricyte is the last stage capable of what cellular process?

muddy gray

how is the cyroplasm of a rubricyte described

lead poisoning

associated with peripheral neuropathy, abdominal cramping, vomiting, and seizures

porphyria

herditary conditions that imair production of protorphyrin

anemia, photosensitivity, psychiatric symptoms

clinical features of porphyria

increased ALA, iron, protoporphyrin, and coarse basophilic stippling

lab findings for acquired sideroblastic anemia

increased porphyrins, porphobilinogen, and FEP/ZPP

lab findings for hereditary sideroblastic anemia

chonic alcoholism, reticulocytosis, liver diasease, bone marrow failure, nomal macrocytosis of newborns

examples of non-megaloblastic anemia

vitamin b12 deficiency, folate acid deficiency

examples of megaloblastic anemia

megaloblastic anemia

among macrocytic anemias, which has a defective DNA metabolism

pancytopenia, macroovalocyte, hypersegmeted neutrophils

unlike non-mgloblastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia is positive for

serum homocysteine

lab test in which both vit b12 def and folic acid def are increased

achlorhydria

gastric analysis result for megaloblastic anemia

pteroylglutamic acid deficiency

folate or folic acid deficiency is aka

vit b12 deficiency

anemia associated with parasitic infections such as H. pylori or Dyphylobotrium latum

pernicious anemia

anemia in which there is a failure in the secretion of intrinsic factor

Macroovalocytes, howell-jolly bodies, cabot rings, and hypersegmented neutrophils

findings in the blood smear of a patient with megaloblastic anemia

increased serum B1 and LDH

clinical chemistry findings in megaloblastic anemia

idiopathic aplastic anemia

major type of acquired AA

Chloramphenicol; benzene

secondary AA can be due to certain drugs most commonly like \___________________________________ and chemicals like \_____________________

fanconi anemia

inherited aplastic anemia that is described as a chromosome instability disorder that imposes cancer susceptibility

dyskeratosis congenita

inherited aplastic anemia that is charaterized by mucocutaneous abnormalities

abnormal skin pigmentation, dystrophic nails, oral leukoplakia

triad of dyskeratosis congenita

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome

type of inherited aplasic anemia that is described as a multisystem disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities

diamond blackfan anemia

cogenital form of pure red cell aplasia

Hereditary Erythroblastic Multinuclearity with Positive Acidified Serum

CDA II is aka

CDA I

CDA type with presence of spongy chromatin of erythrblasts appearing like a swiss cheese

CDA III

least common subtype of CDA

Hams acidified serum test and sucrose hemolysis test

tests for HEMPAS that are usually used for PNH

Myelophthisic anemia

infiltration of tumor cells in the bone marrow coming from tumor of lungs, breast, or prostate

dacryocytes, nucleated RBCs, immature myeloid cells, megakaryocyte fragment

blood smear from myelophthisic anemia will show

leukoerythroblastosis

appearance of nucleated rbc and immature myeloid cells

anemia of chronic kidney disease

root cause of this anemia is inadequate EPO production

echinocyte

presence of this rbc abnormalitcan be seen in anemia of chronic kidney disease due to uremia

pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, myelophthisic anemia, anemia of chronic kidney disease

anemia due bone marrow failure

hereditary spherocytosis

defects in proteins that disrupt the vertical interactions between transmembrane proteins and underlying protein cytoskeleton

DAT

hereditary spherocytosis and AIHA should be differentiated via

heparinized blood

specimen needed to test OFT of Hereditary spherocytosis

different concentrations of NaCl solutions

reagent for herditary spherocytosis

Eosin-5-maleimide binding test

has been proposed as a more sensitive alternative for confirmation of hereditary spherocytosis

hereditary elliptocytosis

gene mutation that disrupts horizontal RBC cytoskeleton

Leach phenotype

eliptocytosis can also be observed for this blood type null phenotype

hereditary ovalocytosis

condition caused by a mutation inthe gene for band 3 that results in increased rigidity of the membrane ad resistance to invasion by malaria

shoutheast asian ovalocytosis

hereditary ovalocytosis is aka