Mod 8

iliopsoas m.

flexion of thigh

Tensor fasciae latae m.

Flexion of femur
Abduction of femur
Medial rotation of femur
Stabilizes knee in full extension

Quadriceps m.

Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh at hip joint (rectus femoris only)

Rectus femoris m.

Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh

Tendon of quadriceps femoris m.

Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh at hip joint (rectus femoris only)

sartorius m.

Flexion of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh
Flexion of leg

longest muscle in body

pectineus m.

Adduction of thigh
Flexion of thigh
Medial rotation of thigh

Adductor longus m.

adduction of thigh

gracilis m.

adduction of thigh, flexion of leg

Vastus lateralis m.

extension of leg

Vastus intermedius m.

extension of leg

Vastus medialis m.

extension of leg

adductor brevis m.

adduction of thigh

Adductor magnus m.

Adduction of thigh
Extension of thigh

Obturator externus m.

Lateral rotation of thigh

pubofemoral ligament

Resists excessive abduction of hip

ileofemoral ligament

Resists hyperextension of hip joint

Gluteus Maximus m.

Extension of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh

Iliotibial Tract

Gluteus Medius m.

Abduction of thigh (non weight-bearing)
Lowers pelvis on weight-bearing side

Piriformis M.

lateral rotation of thigh

Sciatic n.

L4-S3

largest nerve in body

Herniated intervertebral disks in lower lumbar region may produce symptoms

Semitendinosus m.

Flexion of leg
Extension of thigh

Long head of biceps femoris m.

Flexion of leg
Extension of thigh

Gluteus Minimus m.

Abduction of thigh (non weight-bearing)
Lowers pelvis on weight-bearing side

Sciatic n.

Tibial n.

Common Fibula n.

hamstring muscles

long head of biceps femurs, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Semimembranosus m.

Flexion of leg
Extension of thigh

short head of biceps femoris m.

flexion of leg

Surface projection of tibial tuberosity

Surface projection of lateral malleolus

Patellar ligament

tibialis anterior m.

Dorsiflexion of foot
Inversion of foot

fibularis longus and brevis mm.

Eversion of foot
Plantar flexion of foot

extensor hallucis longus m.

Extension of great toe
Dorsiflexion (foot)
Inversion (foot)

Fibular collateral ligament

Connects lateral femoral condyle to head of fibula

limit rotation between femur and tibia

lateral meniscus

anterior cruciate ligament

medial meniscus

Tibial collateral ligament

interosseous membrane of leg

Extensor hallucis brevis m.

extension of great toe

Extensor digitorum brevis m.

extension of toes 2-4

Surface projection of popliteal fossa

Calf prominence

Formed by surface projection of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

calcaneal tendon

Achilles tendon

strongest tendon of body

Formed by union of tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

Surface projection of calcaneus

Gastrocnemius m.

plantar flexion of foot; flexion of leg

unhappy triad

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

plantaris muscle

tibial nerve

action:
Plantar flexion of foot
Flexion of leg

Soleus m.

Action:
Plantar flexion of foot
Innervation:
Tibial nerve
Comment:
Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon formed by tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

Fibrous capsule of Knee of joint

Function:
Partially encloses knee joint

Popliteus m.

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh on leg (weight-bearing)
Medial rotation of leg on thigh (non weight-bearing)
Insertion:
Tibia (posterior, proximal shaft)
Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Flexor halluscis longus m

Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Innervation:
Tibial nerve
Comment:
Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during
walking and running
Great toe also called the hallux

Tibialis posterior m.

Action:
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Flexor digitorum longus m

Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Iliac crest

sacroiliac joint

sacrum

obturator foramen

Ischial tuberosity

Pubic symphysis

Head of femur

Greater Trochanter

Lesser Trochanter

Femur

Head forms part of hip joint
Distal end forms part of knee joint

Lateral condyle of femur

Description:
Lateral enlargement of distal end
Smooth surface articulates with tibia
and patella

Medial condyle of femur

Description:
Medial enlargement of distal end
Smooth surface articulates with tibia
and patella
Comment:
Provides attachment for medial head of
gastrocnemius and adductor magnus
muscles, and tibial collateral ligament of
knee
Latin: condyle = knuckle

Patella

Comment:
Acts as fulcrum to increase angle of
quadriceps femoris tendon across knee

Knee Joint Cavity

Location:
Knee
Description:
Space between articular surfaces of
distal end of femur, proximal end of
tibia, and posterior aspect of patella
Enclosed by fibrous joint capsule
Contains synovial fluid

intercondylar eminence

Function:
Provides attachment for lateral and
medial menisci, and anterior cruciate
ligament

Epiphyseal line

As bone growth slows, the cartilaginous
epiphyseal (growth) plate narrows and
eventually ossifies, leaving an
epiphyseal line

lateral condyle of tibia

Lateral condyle of tibia more prominent
than medial
Latin: condyle = knuckle

medial condyle of tibia

Function:
Provides attachment for
semimembranosus muscle and tibial
(medial) collateral ligament

Tibia

Description:
Long bone between knee and ankle
joints
Characteristic features include medial
and lateral condyles, medial and lateral
plateaus, tuberosity, shaft, and medial
malleolus
Contributes to knee and ankle joints

Tibial Tuberosity

Provides attachment for quadriceps
femoris muscles, via patellar ligament

Head of fibula

Provides attachment for fibular (lateral)
collateral ligament of knee and biceps
femoris muscle

Neck of fibula

Location:
Fibula (superior)
Between head and shaft
Description:
Constricted part between head and
shaft

Shaft of fibula

Comment:
Attached to shaft of tibia by
interosseous membrane of leg

Fibula

Description:
Long, thin bone
Articulates with tibia (proximal) and
talus (distal)
Characteristic features include head,
neck, shaft, and lateral malleolus

Biceps femoris muscle

Action:
Extension of thigh (long head)
Flexion of leg

Quadriceps Femoris m

Action:
Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh at hip joint (rectus femoris only)

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Soleus m.

Action:
Plantar flexion of foot

innervation:
Tibial nerve

Patella

kneecap

femur

Adductor Tubercle

provides distalmost attachment point for tendon of adductor magnus muscle

Articular Surface of Lateral Condyle of Femur

Articular surface of medial condyle of femur

Tibia

shinbone

Fibula

Description:
Long, thin bone
Articulates with tibia (proximal) and
talus (distal)
Characteristic features include head,
neck, shaft, and lateral malleolus

Intercondylar eminence

Tibial tuberosity

tendon of quadriceps m.

Action:
Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh at hip joint (rectus femoris only)

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

talus

forms ankle joint btwn foot and leg
allows for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Head of Talus

Calcaneus

largest tarsal bone
articulates w talus and cuboid bone

Sustentaculum tali

shelf of bone

Navicular