chapter 1-4

Heart disease is a cause of death that is directly related to nutrition.

True

Each year, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services sets health and nutrition objectives for the nation.

False.

An organic nutrient is healthier than a non-organic nutrient.

False.

Water is an energy-yielding nutrient.

False.

Three of the classes of nutrients are energy-yielding nutrients.

True.

Essential nutrients are nutrients that the body cannot make for itself.

True.

Carbohydrate and protein each provide only 4 calories per gram.

True.

Choosing a sufficient variety of whole foods each day is an easy way to obtain a nutritious diet.

True.

Calorie control is the characteristic of a nutritious diet that ensures energy intake from food is balanced with energy expenditure.

True.

Nutrition-related scientific findings often seem to contradict one another or are subject to conflicting interpretations because nutrition is impossible to understand.

False.

Nutrition scientists submit their findings directly to the news media so that other scientists can review the findings.

False.

One well controlled experiment can "prove" or "disprove" a nutrition claim.

False.

When you offer diet advice to others, their stage of change can influence their reaction to your message.

True.

The most successful goals are set for specific behaviors, not overall outcomes.

True.

If you have recently started limiting your sugary snack consumption after reading books on weight loss and fitness, you are in the action stage of behavior change.

True.

The energy-yielding nutrients include:

protein and fat.

One gram of alcohol provides \_____ calories.

seven.

Harry has a monotonous diet and eats the same foods every day. You try to convince him to eat a variety of foods because:

eating a variety of foods provides some less well-known nutrients and some nonnutrient food components that could be important to health.

On a given day, a majority of our population consumes inadequate:

fruits and vegetables.

You see a new finding about nutrition reported in your local newspaper. Based on this information you would:

wait to apply the findings until they have been repeated and confirmed by scientists.

The term "\_____" has no legal definition but is often used on food labels to imply wholesomeness.

natural.

Your food intake on a daily basis affects your health because:

improper balance of nutrients over time can lead to chronic diseases in the future.

Food scientists measure food energy in:

calories.

The major role in the body that all vitamins and minerals share is:

to act as regulators in body processes.

In nutrition, the word essential means:

a necessary nutrient that can be obtained only from the diet.

According to the Dietary Guidelines, Americans need to eat more fruits and vegetables.

True.

For a food to be a "good source" of a nutrient, it must contain between 5 and 10% of the Daily Value for that nutrient per serving.

False.

According to the USDA Food Intake Patterns, spinach and other leafy greens are in the dark green vegetables subgroup.

True.

A healthy individual can be sure to meet his/her nutrient requirements by using the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels to determine daily nutrient needs.

False.

Daily Values for carbohydrates are provided on food labels.

True.

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are not listed on food labels.

True.

A regulatory body oversees the safety of phytochemicals sold to consumers.

False.

DRI values are set for optimal intake, and they include a generous safety margin that ensures these values meet the needs of virtually all healthy people in a specific age and gender group.

True.

Using the USDA Food Intake Patterns plan, soybeans and other legumes are considered part of the vegetable food group for non-vegetarians.

True.

Foods, not supplements, are the best and safest source of phytochemicals.

True.

The RDA values are designed to meet the needs of people eating regular diets, not vegetarians.

False.

Structure-function claims must be approved by the FDA before being printed on a product label.

False.

For vegetables and protein foods, intakes should be divided among all the subgroups every day.

False.

The Vegetables group of the USDA Food Intake Patterns plan includes legumes, counted as protein foods for vegetarians.

True.

A sandwich made with lean turkey, spinach, and tomatoes on whole-wheat bread is a more nutrient-dense choice than a sandwich made with bacon and cheddar cheese on enriched bread.

True.

The DRI Committee recommended a diet that provides \_____% of its calories from carbohydrate.

45-65

The Daily Values reflect the needs of an "average person" consuming \_____ calories a day.

2,000

When planning a healthful diet using the USDA Food Intake Patterns, vegetarians should remember that:

the vegetable group contains legumes, which can be counted as protein foods.

In the USDA Food Intake Patterns, one ounce of protein foods is equal to all of the following except:

1 cup cooked legumes.

You are planning a meal that includes a hamburger on a bun, coleslaw, and French fries. Which of the following is the most nutrient-dense meal alternative?

lean pork tenderloin, spinach salad, brown rice, and strawberries

What are the DRI designed for?

disease prevention

A major guideline for healthy people is to keep fat intake within the range of \_____ percent of total calories.

20-35

Which of the following is characteristic of Daily Values?

They are ideal for allowing comparisons among foods.

Based on the USDA MyPlate, at least \_____ of the plate should be occupied by fruits and vegetables at each meal.

1/2

The best way for a person to get all the essential nutrients and keep energy intake low is to:

choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.

Cells are the source of all essential nutrients.

False.

Body fluids supply the tissues continuously with energy, oxygen, and nutrients, including water.

True.

Blood is the only source of circulating fluid in the body.

False.

The pancreas releases glucagon to remove glucose from blood and store it in muscles.

False.

The hypothalamus in the brain monitors the availability of nutrients and water.

True.

Inflammation occurs as a response to the immune system's inability to function normally.

False.

Skin cells are the first to defend the body tissues against microbes that have penetrated the body's outermost physical barrier.

False.

The timing and the nutrient composition of a meal are important because the digestive tract has difficulty digesting meals when they are eaten at certain times or are too complex.

False.

Fiber provides the bulk against which the muscles of the colon can work.

True.

You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormonal messages will tell an organ to send bicarbonate in amounts matched to the amount of fat present.

False.

Frequent use of laxatives is an effective way to prevent constipation.

False.

"Colonic irrigation" is unnecessary and has caused illness and even some deaths from equipment contamination, electrolyte depletion, and intestinal perforation.

True.

Waste materials dissolved in water are collected by the liver and become concentrated as urine.

False.

Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.

True.

For an individual with high blood pressure, drinking several margaritas is inadvisable because alcohol in large amounts raises blood pressure.

True.

Cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves every:

3 days.

Among the cells' most basic needs are \_____ and the oxygen with which to burn it.

energy.

Which of the following determines the nature of the cell's work?

gene activity.

The nervous system's role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the:

brain.

What alert(s) your conscious mind to the sensation of hunger?

hypothalamus and stomach muscles

The liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into \_____ for storage.

glycogen and fat

The digestive tract needs \_____, which provides the bulk against which the muscles of the colon can work.

fiber.

The purpose of the villi and microvilli in the intestinal tract is to:

trap the nutrient particles and absorb them into the cells.

The body's circulating fluids include:

blood and lymph.

Hormones are secreted and released into the blood by \_____.

glands.

Galactose is a monosaccharide.

True.

Lactose can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine because it needs no further digestion.

False.

The disaccharides are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber.

False.

People who make whole grains a habit have lower risks of certain cancers, particularly of the colon.

True.

Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.

False.

White rice is a good source of soluble fiber.

False.

Digestion of starch begins in the mouth.

True.

Fructose is converted to glucose in the liver.

True.

Insulin reduces glucose uptake and storage among fat cells.

False.

Being overweight is a risk factor for type 1 diabetes.

False.

Eating regularly timed meals with plenty of protein and whole grains will help reduce symptoms of hypoglycemia.

True.

Hypoglycemia caused by overuse of insulin or other illnesses will resolve on its own and does not require medical intervention.

False.

Highly-refined juice beverages have lost virtually all of the beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals of the original fruit.

True.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans suggest a limit of about 8 teaspoons of sugar, or almost one soft drink's worth, for a 2,200-calorie eating pattern.

True.

Most studies that have evaluated the metabolic effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose have concluded that they are virtually identical. Until research proves otherwise, it can be assumed that all common added sugars are similar from the body's point of view.

True.

The disaccharides include:

sucrose, maltose, and lactose.

Grapes and grape soda both provide sugars, but the grapes are a healthier choice because:

they provide fiber and phytochemicals.

Which of the following is the preferred fuel for most body functions?

carbohydrate.

Which of the following animal-derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?

milk.

Digestible carbohydrates are broken down or converted into \____ inside the body.

glucose.

Which of the following foods has the greatest cholesterol-lowering effect?

oat bran.

Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend:

increased consumption of fiber-rich, whole-food sources of carbohydrates.

Which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit?

fructose.

How is dietary fiber beneficial to health?

Insoluble fiber aids in easing elimination.

Which food component is not an example of fiber?

residue in milk.