lymphatic and immune system

antibody production resulting from illness

naturally acquired active immunity

immunity that would result from pathogen acquisition through kissing

naturally acquired active immunity

antibody production resulting from immunization

**Artificially Acquired Active Immunity**

the injection of a dead or weakened pathogen

**Artificially Acquired Active Immunity**

injection of gamma globulins

**Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity**

treatment for snakebites

**Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity**

antibody acquisition from mothers milk

**Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity**

antibody acquisition from mothers blood stream

**Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity**

neutrophils

discharge enzymes into a cloud of bacterial chemicals

eosinophils

Guard against parasites and allergens

monocytes

transform into phagocytic macrophages that inject dead pathogens

lymphocytes

Include NK cells, which patrol the body looking for diseased host cells

basophils

Secrete histamine, increasing blood flow

utilizes cytotoxic T cells

**Cellular Immunity**

MHC-I

**Cellular Immunity**

tumor necrosis factor

**Cellular Immunity**

produces antibodies

**Humoral Immunity**

goes after extracellular viruses

**Humoral Immunity**

has a secondary response

**Humoral Immunity**

utilizes helper T cells

both

MHC-II

both

goes after bacteria

both

phagocytosis

both

Which type of immunity is mediated by B cells and the antibodies they secrete?

Humoral

A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called a lymph __________.

node

The birth of T cells takes place in the _________ bone marrow.

red

From here, cells are sent to mature in the __________

thymus

After maturation, the cells move to lymphatic tissue and __________

organs

In some cases, _________ cells are made and sent back to the bone marrow.

plasma

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between cellular and humoral immunity?

Cellular immunity directly attacks pathogens and infected cells while humoral immunity releases antibodies to do so.

B lymphocytes

**Antibody-Mediated Immunity**

plasma cells

**Antibody-Mediated Immunity**

cytotoxic T cells

**Cell-Mediated Immunity**

perforins and granzymes

**Cell-Mediated Immunity**

CD8 cells

**Cell-Mediated Immunity**

helper T cells

both

memory T cells

both

ACPs

both

Which body system maintains fluid balance, absorbs lipids, and protects the body against pathogens?

Lymphatic system

Which of the following is produced by cytotoxic T cells?

Perforin, which makes holes in cell membrane of infected cells

Which of the following is true regarding infected cells?

They display peptide fragments of degraded viral proteins on their cell surface.

Cytotoxic T cells recognize __________.

viral antigens and class-I MHC

T or F: Cytotoxic T cells produce cytotoxins which cause apoptosis of infected cells.

true

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? Check all that apply.

\-Recover fluid from the interstium to the blood plasma

\-Remove foreign matter from fluid before returning it to the bloodstream

\-Absorb dietary lipids

T or F: The first and second lines of defense are considered nonspecific resistance while the third line of defense is considered adaptive immunity.

true

Aggregations of lymphocytes in the connective tissues of mucous membranes are called __________.

lymphatic tissues

Immunocompetent B cells exposed to antigen. Antigen binds only to B cells with complementary receptors.

**Antigen Recognition**

B cell internalizes antigen and displays processed epitope. Helper T cell binds to B cell and secretes interleukin.

**Antigen Presentation**

Interleukin stimulates B cell to divide repeatedly and form a clone.

**Clonal Selection**

Some cells of the clone become memory B cells. Most differentiate into plasma cells.

**Differentiation**

Plasma cells synthesize and secrete antibody. Antibody employs various means to render antigen harmless.

Attack

Which cell phagocytizes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface?

Antigen-presenting cell

Interestingly, __________ do not directly attack, nor destroy, any pathogens.

__antibodies__

They _____ to pathogens, and in doing so render them incapable of causing an immune response.

__bind__

This opens binding sites and promotes _____________, resulting in a conversion of complement proteins to fight the pathogen.

__complement fixation__

Antibodies that bind to more than one cell simultaneously can rapidly cause __________ to occur, which is a clumping that prevents the pathogen from contacting and damaging human cells.

__agglutination__

This process makes the molecule insoluble and less mobile. This is an example of _____________.

__precipitation__

can produce lethal hits to infected self-cells

T cells

include helper cell lines

T cells

direct activation produced by MHC-II recognition

T cells

mature from thymic tissues

T cells

direct activation produced by MHC-I recognition

T cells

differentiate into plasma cells when activated

B cells

antibody-mediated immunity

B cells

IgG and IgM formation in the secondary immune response

B cells

produces memory cells

both

arise originally from bone marrow

both

Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells?

Only the first and second choices are correct answers.

Helper T cells interact with target cells by recognizing __________.

antigen-MHC protein complexes

Helper T cells secrete ________ to stimulate the proliferation of B cells.

cytokines

true or false: Helper T cells only interact with Class-I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.

false

true or false: Plasma cells are B cells that produce antibodies.

true

B lymphocytes

adaptive immunity

T lymphocytes

adaptive immunity

antigen presenting cells

adaptive immunity

cytotoxic T cells

adaptive immunity

memory T cells

adaptive immunity

CD4+ cells

adaptive immunity

plasma cells

adaptive immunity

neutrophils

innate immunity

Which primary lymphoid organ is the site of B cell maturation?

Red bone marrow

What are the lymphatic system's main functions?

Immunity, absorption of lipids, fluid recovery

Which protein inhibits the viral infection of neighboring cells?

Interferon

actions of a natural killer cell 1

NK cell releases perforins, which polymerize and from a hole in the enemy cell membrane

actions of a natural killer cell 2

granzymes from NK cell enter perforin hole degrade enemy cell enzymes

actions of a natural killer cell 3

enemy cell dies by apoptosis

actions of a natural killer cell 4

macrophages engulfs and digests dying cell

skin

first line of defense

mucosal membranes

first line of defense

macrophages

second line of defense

eosinophils

second line of defense

inflammation

second line of defense

fever

second line of defense

humoral immunity

**Third Line of Defense**

cell-mediated immunity

third line of defense

lymphocytes

third line of defense

antibodies

third line of defense

Which of the following is true when interferon attaches to a cell?

The virus can enter the cell but can not replicate.

When interferon from one cell attaches to a second cell, _________.

the recipient cell makes enzymes that degrade mRNA and prevent viral protein synthesis

Which of the following is true regarding interferon?

Interferon is produced by one cell and used to warn nearby cells of the same type.