World History Seelen-Russian Revolution

Who became ruler of Russia in 1894?

Nicholas II

How many ethnic groups were in Russia?

194 ethnic groups

What was the population of Russia?

126 million

What did the 1905 Revolution force the czar to create

State Duma

What was the name of the Siberian Mystic and Faith Healer that the Czar's family was supposedly under the spell of

Grigori Rasputin

What happened on the 2nd March 1917

Nicholas II abdicates

Who did the Provisional Government share power with in 1917

Petrograd Soviet

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?

Vladimir Lenin

What was the name of the event that happened on October 25th 1917 when the provisional gov was overthrown?

Bolshevik Revolution

What happened in July 1918?

Imperial Family executed

How many lost their lives as a result of the Russian Civil War and the Typhus epidemic in 1921

9 million

What was the name of the War fought between the Russians and the Ottomans

Crimean war

Dates of the Crimean war

1853-1856

Who backs up the ottomans in the Crimean War?

France and Britain

What was the outcome of the Crimean War?

- Russia lost
-Russia realizes that they need to modernize

Who established Modern Nursing?

Florence Nightingale

Who is freed in Alexander II's Great Reforms?

The serfs

what were the collectives called in Alexander II's Great Reform of 1861

Mirs Community Lands

How was the Mirs Community Lands the right idea, but wrong formula

Right Idea was giving the serfs land
Wrong formula by giving the land to the community

Who did Alexander II extend rights to in 1861?

The Jewish Population

What was the effect of Alexander II's Great Reforms

No significant changes made

Pogroms in Russia

organize campaigns of violence against jews

Who did Alexander III blame for hardships?

Jewish population

What happens after the Jews Migrate west? (poland, germany, austria)

anti-semitism follows the movement of the jewish population

What changed in 1930s-1940s Germany

Germans disliked jewish population

Who said, "use the west to catch up to the west"?

sergei witte

What was the name of the railway that went from Moscow to Vladivostok

Trans-Siberian Railway

Who was Sergei Witte?

Russia's minister of finance (1892-1903), encouraged/invest industrialization (railroads)

Which Russian Czar freed the serfs in 1861?

Alexander II

What were pogroms?

organized violence against Jews

What reforms were made and what was created out of the Revolution of 1905?

Duma- Political reform
Soviets- Economic reform

What was the outcome of sergei witte's attempt to industrialize Russia

Conditions were not improving

What does Nicholas attempt to use to rally the country as Russia starts to industrialize?

Nationalism

Who did russia fight in the Russo-Japanese War?

Japan

What were the results of the Russo-Japanese War?

-Russia lost
-Nicholas calls for political reform

What was the Revolution of 1905 also known as?

Bloody Sunday

What happened on Bloody Sunday?

The tsar's troops fired on peaceful demonstrators who demanded better working conditions, higher pay, and a representative government.

Where did Bloody Sunday Occur?

Petrograd

What was the Duma?

Parliament
-political reform

What are Soviets?

worker councils
-economic reform

On which side does Russia enter WWI with?

Allied powers (Triple Entente)

Why does Russia fall out of WWI in 1919?

Lack of supplies
-no weapons, food shortages, lack of morale

What was the treaty that got Russia out of War with Germany

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

How much landmass did Russia lose to the Germans in the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

25%

what describes the history of the working class revolutionary movement?

Communist Manifesto

Who created the Communist Manifesto?

Marx and Engels

What was the working class called in Russia?

Proletariat

What does the communist manifesto want to overthrow in a violent Revolution

capitalism

What was the proletariat supposed to do in a violent revolution according to the Communist Manifesto?

rise up and overthrow Bourgeoisie

What were the factory owners in Russia called?

Bourgeoisie

What was the result of the Communist Manifesto and the Proletariat overthrowing the Bourgeoisie?

"The Dictatorship of the Proletariat"

What kind of society was "The Dictatorship of the Proletariat"

Communist society/ no class

what were the two marxist groups in russia

Mensheviks and Bolsheviks

What does Menshevik mean?

minority

What does Bolshevik mean?

majority

What was the majority group in Russia?

Mensheviks

What was the minority group in Russia?

Bolshevicks

What did the Mensheviks believe in?

gradual evolutionary social change

What did the Bolsheviks believe in?

Radical violent overthrow of capitalism

Who were the leaders of the Bolsheviks?

Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky

How many russian casualties and deaths happened in WWI

9 mil casualties 4 mil deaths

Who did Nicholas II leave in charge while he was at war?

Czarina-Alexandria

When did the Romanovs rule Russia?

1613-1917

How many kids did Alexandria have?

5

What disease was the son Alexi born with?

hemophilia

Who was Rasputin?

Mystic and holy man/faith healer from Siberia

What does Rasputin do for the Czar family?

maneges to alleviate the pain in Alexi

What were the people's concerns about Rasputin?

Rasputin making political decisions
-influence over royal family

What happens to Rasputin?

Assassinated in 1916

What were the Assassination attempts to kill Rasputin

Stabbed
Poisoned
Shot in chest while poisoned
shot again
thrown in a river to drown

What killed Rasputin?

Drowning

What does Nicholas II do in 1917?

Nicholas II abdicates

What happened in February 1917?

strikes in petrograd and soldiers refused orders to fire on demonstrators led to abdication

What was the overthrowing of the Czar called?

March Revolution

What takes over after Nicholas II abdicates during the March Revolution?

Provisional Government (Duma)

Who led the provisional government in Russia?

Alexander Kerensky

Who challenges the Provisional Government's power

Soviets

What were the mistakes of the Provisional Government?

-continuing WWI
-war effort doesn't improve under new leadership

Who arrived in April and overthrew the Provisional Government?

Lenin

What was the Name of the Russian Revolution in October 1917?

Bolshevik Revolution

What were Lenin's slogans?

Peace, land and bread

All power to the soviets

Who wrote the propaganda film symbolic of the storming of the winter palace?

Sergey Ezeinstein

What was the outcome of the Bolshevik Revolution and who gains power

Russia plunges into a civil war
-minority gains power

What happened to the royal family in 1918

They were murdered
-soviets covered up the murder

What was the good and the bad of Russia signing the treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Good: ends war
Bad: gave up lots of land

Why did russia not care about loosing a lot of land to the Germans in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Ethnic Minority groups in the areas that they were giving up. Did not feel like they were giving up russian people

Why did the Treaty of Brest Litovsk not matter to communism

any loss offset by the Global Revolution

What was the Global Revolution?

workers of the world uniting

What was the cause of the Russian Civil War

reaction to the Bolshevik seizure of power

Who was the Red Army

Bolsheviks, followers of communism

Who was the leader of the Red Army?

Trotsky

What advantages did the Red Army have over the White Army

control center
-better leadership
-belief in nationalism

What was the secret police called that worked for the Red Army

CHEKA

What was another name for the CHEKA

"Red Terror"

What did the CHEKA do?

they executed ordinary citizens who were suspected of taking actions against the revolution

Who was apart of the White Army?

All others, including foreign countries, fragmented

What connected the White Army

fear of communism

What was the white terror?

conducted Pogroms against Jewish population in Ukraine

How many casualties were there in the Russian Civil war

7-12 million (mostly civilians)

Who wins the Russian Civil War?

Red Army