us history midterm review

What is the Virginia Company?

Joint stock company that invested the money to start the colony in Virginia

How did tobacco impact the Virginia colony?

It was the cash crop that allowed the colony to make money and survive.

How did colonists interact with Powhatan?

Early interactions were peaceful, but conflict over land began when the colony's population expanded.

What is the significance of the House of Burgesses?

It was the legislative body in Jamestown - early example of democracy in America

What is Bacon's Rebellion?

Rebellion of poor farmers against the rich leaders of Jamestown over their failure to protect them from indian attacks

What is mercantilism?

The trade system between England and its American colonies that treated colonies as markets for goods instead of states with rights.

In what ways were the 13 colonies politically and economically diverse?

Politically: Some colonies were royal colonies others were proprietary (privately owned)

Economically: different geography among the colonies led to different economies.

What are some examples of self-government in the American colonies?

House of Burgesses, Town Meetings, and the General Court

Why did the English want to take over New Amsterdam?

To remove the "Dutch Wedge" and united their Southern and New England colonies

What were the founding principles of Pennsylvania?

Tolerance, treating all people with dignity, and peaceful relations with neighbors

What is the significance of King Phillip's War?

It was the last time indians fought back for control of New England. After this, English colonists controlled the land.

What contributed to the hysteria that caused the Salem Witch Trials?

Religious fanaticism and hysteria/fear of satanic forces

How was the economy of the South different from the economies of New England and middle colonies?

Southern Colonies: farming Mid-Atlantic & New England: fishing, ship building, merchants

what did the southern colonys economy relay on

farming

What did the loss of its charter mean for the Massachusetts colony?

The King of England controlled the colony again.

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

A woman who was kicked out of colonial Massachusetts and helped found a colony based on religious freedome (Rhode Island)

Why is Benjamin Franklin a symbol of social mobility?

He was born very poor, but became rich through intelligence and hard work.

How did the Great Awakening impact the American colonies?

Religious truth was to be determined by individuals, not the church leaders. This led to doubting other traditional authorities.

What was the Middle Passage?

The route that transported slaves from Africa to the Americas

Describe the triangular trade.

It was the network of trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. England made money from every part of the trade route.

What was the significance of the French and Indian War?

England defeated France and took control of all colonial land in North America.

How did the French and Indian War lead to the American Revolution?

England passed taxes on the colonies to help pay the cost of the war. These taxes led to conflict between England and the American colonies.

How did colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763?

They ignored the law and moved west into indian lands.

How did colonists respond to the Stamp Act?

The Stamp Act Congress met to decide how to respond to British taxes. Colonists boycotted all English goods.

How did colonists respond to the Intolerable Acts?

Colonial leaders sent supplies to Boston, called for another Continental Congress to meet, and called for colonies to raise armies.

What were the Committees of Correspondence?

Groups of American colonists who wrote letters that spread news of British oppression in Boston to other colonies.

Why was Thomas Paine's Common Sense important?

It presented the reasons for American independence in a way that regular people could understand.

How did John Locke influence the Declaration of Independence?

His ideas of Natural Rights were the foundation of Thomas Jefferson's concepts in the Declaration of Independence.

What was the message of the Declaration of Independence?

It listed the things England had done to violate American rights, and stated that the American colonies were independent from England's control.

Were the American colonies prepared for war with the British? Explain.

No. The colonies had no army, no money, and little experience in fighting wars.

What role did Benjamin Franklin play in American Revolution?

He was America's representative in France to convince France to help America fight England.

How did France help the Americans during the American Revolution?

They sent ships, men, money, and leaders to help train the American army.

Describe George Washington as a military leader.

He lost many battles, but he was able to keep his army together despite poor conditions and poor pay. His ability to keep fighting led to the British surrender.

What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?

The American army and French navy surrounded the British Army and forced them to surrender.

Describe the Crossing of the Delaware.

American army crossed the river Christmas night to surprise troops fighting for England.

How did the Treaty of Paris change the political map of North America?

England lost control of its American colonies. America became an independent nation.

How did men like Marquis de Lafayette and Baron von Steuben help the American cause?

They helped to train American troops into a professional army.

What is the significance of Shays' Rebellion?

The federal government's failure to end the rebellion made people realize that the Articles of Confederation was too weak.

What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

No power to tax, no executive branch, no federal courts, no authority to raise an army.

What did the Federalists and Anti-federalists disagree about?

Federalists supported the Constitution and a stronger federal government. Anti-federalists thought the Article of Confederation worked and wanted a weaker federal government.

How do the principles of the Constitution shape the government of the United States?

created limited government,separation of powers and checks and balances

what is the first principle of the constitution

Limited Government: This shapes the U.S. gov by limiting the central gov by giving shared powers to states.

what is the second principle of the constitution

Separation of Powers: This shapes the U.S. gov by placing different powers in different branches

what is the third principle of the consitituion

Checks & Balances: This shapes the U.S. gov by making sure every part of gov is supervised by another part.

What dispute did the Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) settle?

Big states and small states disagreed over the way votes would be counted in Congress. The Compromise set up House of Representatives with votes by population and the Senate with each state getting 2 votes.

What dispute did the 3/5 compromise settle?

Southern states would have slaves counted in their population for votes in Congress. Every 5 slaves would count as 3 people.

Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?

Anti Federalists demanded the Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution to protect individual and state's rights.

Why was Washington's presidency important?

Washington set the example that future presidents would follow: set up a cabinet of advisers and keep America out of European wars.

What is the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?

President Washington defeated the rebellion and proved that the federal government under the new Constitution had the power to respond to a crisis.

What decision did Washington make concerning non-intervention in Europe?

America should stay out of European wars and concentrate on America's issues.

What was the importance of Adams' presidency?

Adams was unpopular for passing the Alien and Sedition Act which made speech against the government illegal.

What was the Northwest Ordinance?

A law passed by the Articles of Confederation government that set up a process for new territories to become American states.

What role did Jefferson's diplomacy play in the Louisiana Purchase?

Jefferson sent representatives to negotiate with the French government for the purchase of the land.

What did Jefferson want Lewis and Clark to do when they explored the Louisiana territory?

They explored the territory to makes maps, meet the indian populations, and make notes about new species of plants and animals.

What is impressment?

British navy abducted sailors off of American ships and forced them to serve on British ships.

What were the results of the War of 1812? (3 total)

1. a strong sense of Nationalism led to the "Era of Good Feelings" 1817 - 1825,

what was one of the results of the war of 1812

2. Growth of the American Industry

what was one of the results from the war of 1812

3. Territorial disputes with Natives in the OH River Valley ended, so US could settle freely.

What is the importance of the Monroe Doctrine?

It stated that America would oppose any European nation's effort to make a colony in Western Hemisphere (North, South, and Central America)

What is the American system?

Henry Clay's plan to unite America by improving roads and canals in an effort to increase trade.

How did the cotton gin impact the U.S.?

It increased cotton production in the South. As a result, the demand for slavery increased.

How did Eli Whitney's use of interchangeable parts impact the Industrial Revolution?

Interchangeable parts allowed factories to produce high numbers of complex products. This led to the growth of cities.

What is Manifest Destiny?

The belief that it was God's plan for America control all land all the way to the Pacific Ocean.

What is the temperance movement?

Movement to end or limit the drinking of alcohol.

Who was Horace Mann?

The founder of the American public school movement.

What was the goal of the Declaration of Sentiments?

To announce that women wanted the right to vote.

What events happened during Andrew Jackson's presidency that contributed to "Jacksonian Democracy"?

Spoils system put Jackson supporters into federal office. Indians were kicked out of the Southeastern U.S. Increased use of presidential veto.

How did slavery become a significant issue in American politics?

As America spread west, every time a new state was added - the debate about whether the state would be a slave or free state started again.

How did William Lloyd Garrison contribute to the rise of abolitionism?

He was the owner and editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator

How did Frederick Douglass contribute to the rise of abolitionism?

He was an escaped slave who spoke about his experiences as a slave and wrote in his abolitionist newspaper "The North Star."

What was the Nullification Crisis?

1828 crisis started when South Carolina threatened to secede (separate) from the United States over a new tariff (a tax on imported goods).

How did states' rights ideology develop?

Leaders in southern stated developed the idea of state's rights as a way to defend their slavery-based economies from the northern abolitionist movement.

What role did John C. Calhoun play in nullification crisis and states' rights?

He was the leader of South Carolina during the crisis.

How did Nat Turner's rebellion contribute to the rise of abolitionism?

It made the issue of slavery a national issue when Turner's rebellion became national news.

What were the terms of the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, Maine would be admitted as a free state. All new states north of 36' latitude would be free states. All new states south of that line would be slave states.

What caused the Mexican-American war?

Disputes over Texas becoming an American state.

How was sectionalism a cause of the Civil War?

Northern and Southern leaders put the interests of their states above the interests of the nation as a whole.

What did the Wilmot Proviso state?

No slavery would be allowed in the territory gained from the Mexican-American War. (violated the Missouri Compromise)

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act say the new states of Nebraska and Kansas would decide on slavery?

Popular sovereignty (the citizens of that state would vote on the slavery issue)

What were the terms of the Compromise of 1850?

California was admitted as a free state. The Fugitive Slave Act was passed - giving the south the right to capture and reclaim escaped slaves.

Why was Kansas called "Bleeding Kansas"?

Pro-slavery and abolitionist forces fought for control of the state before the vote over slavery.

What was the result of the Supreme Court's decision on the Dred Scott case?

The court ruled that slave owner's property rights overruled free state's anti-slave laws. This meant that slavery could exist in free states.

Why did John Brown raid the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, VA?

He was stealing guns to arm a slave rebellion. He was captured, and the rebellion never started.

Ulysses S. Grant.

1. The highest ranking General of US Army during Civil War

Ulysses S. Grant (2).

2. President of the United States

Robert E. Lee

1. The highest ranking General of the Confederate Army.

Robert E. Lee (2).

2. He refused Lincoln's offer to head the Union army b/c his home state of VA had seceded.

Robert E. Lee (3).

3. His skill helped the South succeed militarily despite the larger size of the Union army & a lack of supplies in the South.

Robert E. Lee(4).

4. He surrendered to the Union's commander General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

"Stonewall" Jackson

1. a mid-rank general in the Confederate army

“stonewall” Jackson (2).

2. His skill helped the South succeed militarily despite the larger size of the Union army & a lack of supplies in the South.

Who was Jefferson Davis?.

President of the Confederate States of America

William T. Sherman.

1. a mid-rank general in the Union army.

William T. Sherman ( 2).

2. used scorched earth policy when invading Georgia (Atlanta to Savannah)

What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Lincoln freed slaves living in Confederate states. This stated that the purpose of the Civil War was to end slavery.

How did the North treat Atlanta when it invaded?

Union Gen. Sherman used a "scorched earth" method of destroying crops, railroads, supplies, livestock that could be used to help Confederate military on his "March to the Sea" at Savannah.

What was the result of the Battle of Antietam?

Bloodiest single day of the Civil War. Battle was a tie, but it forced the Confederate army to stop its invasion of the North.

Describe the Battle of Gettysburg.

Turning point in the Civil War in favor of the North.

What did Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address say about how he wanted to treat the South after the war?

Lincoln stated that his goal was to repair the nation instead of focusing on punishing the South for the War.

Why was Vicksburg an important battle for the Union?

It resulted in the Union controlling the Mississippi River, it cut the Confederacy in half.