Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), including its features, historical context, DSM-5 changes, causes, and related psychological theories.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.

Deficits in social communication and interaction

Includes poor eye contact, limited reciprocity, and difficulty forming relationships.

Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior

Includes routines, fixated interests, repetitive movements, and sensory sensitivities.

Les Kanner

The psychiatrist who first described autism in 1943, noting social withdrawal and sameness.

Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs)

Previously classified disorders that included various forms of autism before the DSM-5 changes.

DSM-5 changes

Merged all autism subtypes (e.g., Asperger's, Rett's) into a single spectrum and added Social Communication Disorder for subtreshold cases.

Prevalence of ASD

A broader definition indicates that 1 in 30 children is affected; the disorder is highly heritable (about 90%).

Causes of ASD

Not caused by vaccines; increased diagnoses are due to greater awareness and expanded diagnostic criteria.

Theory of Mind Deficit

A psychological theory suggesting that individuals with ASD struggle to understand others' beliefs and intentions, associated with the work of Baron-Cohen.

Deviant parenting theory

An early, discredited hypothesis suggesting that autism was caused by poor parenting.