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What are the two states in problem solving?
Current position and goal
The routes between the two are not clear and takes multiple steps
What are the main features of problem solving?
How are the frontal lobes involved?
What is well-defined v ill-defined problems?
What is knowledge rich v knowledge lean in problems?
What is the Monty hall problem?
presented with 3 doors
one has a car, the other two have goats
pick a door (eg 1) and one of the other two are opened showing a goat
-Inital chance of picking the car: 1/3
-Revealing a goat does not change those initial odds
-Switching gives you 2/3 chance of getting the car
Switching ALWAYS give you a better chance at winning
Knowing how to calculate probabilities helps with decisions
What is insight?
What is the two string problem?
A task used in problem-solving research in which the subject is asked to tie together two strings that are hanging from hooks in the ceiling
How did metcalfe and wiebe measure insight?
How did jung-beeman study insight?
How is the reality of insight researched?
Is insight real?
How can insight be facilitated by incubation?
How is sleep used to facilitate insight?
What three factors facilitate insight?
How did Newell and Simon look at problem solving from an information processing perspective?
What are strategies?
What is a means-end analysis of heuristics?
What is hill climbing in heurstics?
change present state to one closer to the end goal
simpler than means-end as there is not an explicit sub goal
like hill cling as we are always moving to the next highest point
However can get caught in local maxima which is thinking we’re at the highest point when we are not bc it’s better than the rest so dont search for highest
When is planning as a strategy useful?
useful when reaching goal involves a sequence of behaviour eg making a cup of tea
Tower of London task where those who spent longer planning moves had fewer errors
How is progress monitoring used as a strategy?
What are the different strategies?
What is expertise?
How is expertise seen in chess?
Research found experts dedicate 1000s of hours to practice
How is expertise seen in medicine?
Serious problems such false negatives in over 30% of diagnoses of disease via x ray
How can experience go bad in terms of functional fixedness?
How can experience go bad in terms of mental set?
What are the two factors in experience gone bad?