AVS 1510 Midterm Study Guide

Stallion

male horse (intact)

Gelding

male horse (castrated)

Mare

female horse

Foal

baby horse

colt

under 3 (male)

Filly

under 3 (female)

Dam

female used for breeding (mom)

Sire

male used for breeding (dad)

Weanling

weaned

Yearling

1-year-old

Aged

old

Broodmare

females made for breeding

foaling

having a foal

What to mares want while foaling

privacy

Breed

species of animal with specific characteristics

Pedigree

the recorded ancestry of animal

Conformation

how a horse is built

Green

inexperienced horse or rider

Hand

a unit to determine a horse's height

1 Hand

4 inches

Markings

colorings of a horse

Crossties

two pieces of rope attached to either side of a wall

Wash Rack

area used to groom or bathe horses

Arena

an enclosed riding area

Round pen

a circular pen used to exercise or train horses

Hotwalker/ Exerciser

a circular tool that runs on a motor that mechanically walks horses

Dry lot/Paddock

a small pasture or enclosure

Pasture

grazing area for horses

Stocks

restraint mechanism used for breeding, ultrasounds, dental exams, endoscopic procedures, etc.

Artificial Vagina

tool used for semen collection from stallions

Artificial Insemination

introducing semen from a donor stallion into a mare

Phantom

device used in the process of semen collection. Stallion mounts phantom and ejaculates into artificial vagina

Live Cover

process of a stallion mounting a mare and inserting his penis into the female horse, and ejaculating

Halter

a headpiece used for leading or tying up a horse

Bridle

headpiece used for riding. Reins, bit, and headstall

Bit

a device attached to the bridle that goes in the horse's mouth to regulate the position of the horse's head and helps to control the pace and direction

Saddle

seat designed to fit both rider and horse. English or Western

Coggins test

a blood test to detect exposure to equine infectious anemia

Farrier

a person who trims and shoes horses' feet

Vaccines

protect horses from certain diseases and illnesses

De-wormer/ Anthelmintic

destroys or prevents the development of internal parasites

Colic

pain in a horse's abdomen. #1 cause of death in horses

Grain

seed from cereal plants

Hay:

grass or herbage used for animal feeding

Fescue:

a type of grass feed

3 types:

Fescue, coastal, alfalfa

Salt/Mineral Blocks:

way for horses to get essential vitamins, encourages hydration

Free-stall -

recommended system of housing for successful dairy farming. Cows are kept free except at the time of milking. Resting area is divided into stalls or cubicles

Dry cow -

dairy cow that is in a stage of their lactation cycle where milk production ceases prior to calving. Lasts 40-65 days

Mastitis -

inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue due to physical trauma or microorganisms infections. Most common disease in dairy cattle in the world

Hutch -

individual pen with a shelter and outdoor area that calves live in for the first few weeks of their lives

Bulk Tank -

refrigerator designed to hold milk as soon as it leaves the cow. Usually 35-39 °F

Evaporative cooling -

loss of energy from a surface as a liquid on it changes phases to a gas, resulting in a lower temperature

Days in milk -

the number of days a cow has been milking in her current lactation, 55-70 days

How many days in milk?

55-70

Silos -

a storage facility on farms designed to hold feed or other supplies

Dam (cow)-

the mother of a calf

Sire (Cow) -

the father of a calf

Parlor -

area where cows are milked.

Examples of a parlor

flat barn, herringbone, parallel, swing, walk-through, rotary

Chain color -

used for identification *

Dystocia -

any delayed or difficult parturition and is the highest cause of death in calves less than 24 hours old

Fresh -

a cow that has recently given birth to a calf

Brisket Board -

a wooden board placed near the front end of a stall to help position cows when they are lying down

Weaning -

the practice of separating calves from their source of milk, a stressful time on both cows and calves

Total mixed ration -

a method of feeding dairy cattle. The purpose of feeding a TMR diet is that each cow can consume the required level of nutrients in each bite. A cow's ration should include good quality forages, a balance of grains and proteins, vitamins and minerals

Main dairy breeds -

Holstein, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Jersey, Milking Shorthorn, Ayrshire, and Red and White Holstein (7 common breeds in the United States)

Cull -

(exit) the departure of cows from the herd because of sale, slaughter, salvage, or death.

Broiler:

a young chicken suitable for roasting, grilling, or barbecuing.

Bird raised for meat

broiler

What is the weight of a broiler chicken?

4 ½ pounds to 6 pounds

Layer:

Mature female chickens kept for egg production

Layer chickens

Lay eggs

Hatchery:

a place for hatching eggs

Pullet:

Young female chicks

Pullet eggs

1st eggs laid, small, no yoke

Free Range:

birds must have "outdoor access" or "access to the outdoors."

To be considered free range the birds must

go outside, eat grass, long house, mud, walkout

Candling:

a method used to observe the growth and development of an embryo inside an egg which uses a bright light source behind the egg to show details through the shell

Litter:

the mix of bedding material, manure and feathers that result from intensive poultry production

Open Sided House:

Chicken housing with wire mesh walls that allow for ventilation

Feathers:

act as a protective covering for fowl, protecting it from cold, rain, sun and injury

Embryo:

an initial stage of development of a multicellular organism.

Egg coloration:

The color of a hen's ear area is the color indicator

Compost:

dead birds, and eggs that don't hatch

Cage-free:

indicate that hens were not kept in battery cages, allowed instead to move about the egg production barn. But cage-free does not mean hens were given access to the outdoors.

Setting:

a carefully controlled environment that avoids crowding, chilling, overheating and frightening

Fertile eggs:

eggs made with rooster

Comb:

red on top of chicken head

Nest boxes:

a box in a henhouse in which domestic chickens lay eggs

Brooding:

put a chick under 95 degrees and decrease every 3 weeks

Incubation:

The process of applying heat, either naturally or artificially, to eggs to cause them to hatch

Rooster-

male chicken

Vent:

the opening where she expels waste AND the opening from which she lays her eggs

Boar-

uncastrated pig

Gilt-

1st-time pig

Finish-

pigs birth to when ready to be marketed

Farrowing crates-

where piglets are born

Feeder pigs-

intention to slaughter after feeding

Lagoon-

waste goes