prof comm cbe

communication model

sender- transmits message

message

words, body language, symbols that convey an idea

receiver

interprets message, sends feedback

feedback

words, body language, symbols

intrapersonal communication

conversation with yourself

interpersonal communication

1 on 1 conversation

group communication

conversation with more than 1

nonverbal communication

no words, communication with more than 1

4 types of communication

written- writing

oral

speaking

non-verbal

body languages, signs

mass media

social media, TV, etc.

barriers to communication

ACEES: attitudinal, cultural, educational, environmental, societal

Myer-Briggs Personality Indicators

extroversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, judging/perceiving

extroversion

direct energy outward toward people and things, after thinker

work environment

action-oriented, prefer to be around others, many interests

introversion

direct energy inward toward ideas and concepts, fore thinkers

work environment

quiet and concentrated, prefer to be alone, interests have depth

sensing

focus on 5 senses, experience, details, practicality, reality

work environment

prefer learned skills, pay attention to details, make few factual errors

intuition

focus on possibilities (6th sense), patterns and expectations

work environment

prefer adding new skills, look at big picture, patient with complexity

thinking

logic of a situation, truth, principles, contribute intellectual criticism and solutions to problems

work environment

brief and businesslike

feeling

human values and needs, people and harmony, contribute loyal support and concern for others

work environment

friendly and personal

judging

decisive, self-regimented, purposeful

work environment

focus on completing tasks, makes decisions quickly

perceiving

curious, spontaneous, flexible, adaptable, tolerant

work environment

focus on starting tasks, postpones decisions

4 types of discussion

panel, symposium, town hall meeting, round table

panel discussion

informal, group of well informed people sit facing a group of people and answer questions/foster discussion, informs audience on public issues, ex: open forum

symposium

more formal, present opposing points of view, each speaker delivers speech to audience who can ask questions after, 3rd person is discussion leader (middleman), ex: school speeches

town hall meeting

people assemble in large hall and discuss their issues, a vote is normally taken at end to settle issue, now can happen via TV bc of technology

round table discussion

used in business and corporation industry, participants sit at a table and discuss common concerns, ex: THE OFFICE, budget meetings

6 conflict resolution strategies

avoidance, accommodation, coercion, collaboration, compromise, negotiation

avoidance

act of avoiding or keeping away; the issue is trivial and you can't win

accommodation

adjustment of differences, reconciliation; you find out you were wrong and others were right, harmony is more important to you than the issue

coercion

to compel by force, intimidation, or authority without regard for individual desire; must have it your way, willing to suffer the consequences

collaboration

something created by working jointly with another or others; concerns are too important to be compromised away, long-term relationship between parties is important, builds consensus

compromise

settlement of differences by mutual concessions; your goals are more important but you can give in on some issues, you can achieve a temporary settlement for a complex issue, embraces respect for others

negotiation

tactic used to gain a favorable outcome; you have something to trade for what you want to accomplish, others willing to bargain

3 types of tones

aggressive, assertive, passive

aggressive

unprovoked offensive attacks, invasions, militantly forward or menacing

assertive

confidently aggressive or self-assured

passive

speaking without confidence or assertiveness

3 types of learning

auditory, visual, tactile

auditory learners

prefer to hear spoken information, can absorb lecture with little effort or notes, like background music when studying

visual learners

prefer to see information with pictures and diagrams, easily distracted in lecture without images, benefit from flashcards, charts, maps, notes

tactile learners

prefer touch as primary mode to take in information, write out important facts in lectures, vivid examples and role playing help, benefit from manipulatives

3 leadership styles

autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire

autocratic/authoritarian

retains power, decision makeup, no consolidation for input, subordinates must obey, motivation with rewards and punishments

democratic

participative style, keeps employees informed, shares decision making and problem solving, coach-like, gathers information from staff before making decisions

laissez-faire

hands-off, little direction, gives followers freedom and full power

what percentage of communication is based on body language?

55%

positive body language

relaxed posture and arms, good eye contact, nodding in agreement, smiling at humor, leaning closer, using gestures

negative body language

body tension, arms folded, speaking hand to mouth, fidgeting, yawning

what's the importance of eye contact?

professional personality, eye is the key to the soul

how does good posture affect others' perception of you?

makes others think you're responsible

nonverbal filters

overreacting, jumping to conclusions, criticizing speaker, social

4 types of speech delivery

manuscript, memorized, extemporaneous, impromptu

manuscript

written and read word for word; podium or hold papers, large groups, political figures

pros

reduce errors

cons

lack of connection

memorized

memorized speech word for word, no notes

pros-

exceptional delivery

cons-

may lose place, sound canned

extemporaneous

outline only, note card may be helpful

pros--

natural, adjust to audience, most believable

cons--

fluency suffers

impromptu

spontaneous, no notes, short with little prep

pros---

be yourself, adjust to audience

cons---

may lose train of thought

what to understand before writing a speech

topic and setup of speech

fact

proof and correct

opinion

what you think of a topic

purpose of a graph/chart

show facts

rules of visual aids

only to enhance presentation, simple, must practice, use with care

communication filters

experiences and background that taints the information we hear; biases, education, attitude, age, experience, emotions, religion, family, physical condition, morals

giving criticism

clear and concise, straight to the point, be polite, don't sugar coat

getting criticism

don't take it personally, be coachable, don't fixate on past, prep for future, ask for elaboration, paraphrase/summarize/write it down

5 types of listening

appreciative, discriminative, empathic, critical, deliberative

appreciative

used to enjoy pleasurable sounds like music, song, nature

discriminative

singling out one sound from a noisy environment

empathic

encourages people to talk freely without fear of embarrassment

critical

used to analyze/evaluate a message for logic and value

deliberative

listening to understand, analyze, evaluate

ethics

moral principles that govern a person or group's behavior

using ethic in social media or in a workplace

using your personal beliefs to define your social group and standing

protocol for introducing others

name them, tell a little about them, tell how you know them

balancing a professional and personal life

it's important because it's healthy and it's a must to have a decent life in both; can be achieved by having a separation between the 2 and having connections in both groups

chain-of-command

important to show respect to everyone above you and to make sure everything is done right, ex: manager wants to make a change so must contact CEO before making the change

what might motivate an interviewer to ask about your strengths and weaknesses?

interviewer might be motivated by the interviewee saying something that sounds like they don't qualify, or they're interested in their skills to fill a certain position

preparing for an interview

practice Q and As, dress professionally, be prepared, be early, be ethical and respectful, conclude the interview, do your homework

resume format

identification, objective or goal, education and training, work history, personal data, references, contacts at top

what should be included in a job resume?

past experience, education, contacts, recommendations, achievements, formal business version of your personal inventory, use proper resume format

letter of interest

supplement to the resume that includes more detailed information about yourself, expresses interest in position and shows off qualifications; format is like a business letter: contacts at top, greeting, opening paragraphs, body paragraphs, closing paragraph

how are productivity and organization related?

both necessary in order to become successful

productivity in the workplace

productive and professional

productivity problems

lack of focus, lack of mental breaks, lack of knowledge, lack of diversity, distractions