Med Term CHP 14

Lymphatic system

Lymphocytes learn to recognize "self" in the

 

thymus

The __________ are enlarged lymph tissue in the throat near the nasal passages.

 

adenoids

What causes the movement of lymph inside the lymph vessels?

\n  

the movement of the muscles

___________ are stationary collections of lymphatic tissue that filter lymph and fight disease.

 

lymph nodes

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

it absorbs proteins from the intestines

Lymph nodes found in the chest are called

mediastinal

The __________ are masses of lymph tissue in the throat near the back of the mouth.

tonsils

The ___________ duct drains the lower body and left side of the head

thoracic

The cells in the lymph nodes that make antibodies are called

B cells

When fluid is forced out of capillaries it is called _______ until it moves into lymphatic vessels.

Interstitial fluid

How are lymphatic vessels similar to veins?

they both contain valves to ensure flow in one direction

Lymph nodes found in the neck are called

 

cervical

The ___________ drains the right side of the head and chest.

right lymphatic duct

If a lymphocyte fails to recognize the body's own tissues as "self",  ______________ may develop.

an autoimmune disease

The clear watery fluid that surrounds body cells and flows through lymph vessels is called

 

lymph

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

filtration of lymph

Lymph nodes found in the groin are called

 

inguinal

 _____________ attack bacteria and foreign cells by accurately recognizing a cell as foreign and destroying it.

 

T cells

Lymph flows from

capillaries, into larger lymphatic vessels and through nodes, into the bloodstream

Which of the following is NOT found in lymph?

erythrocytes

T cells and B cells are capable of recognizing and remember specific antigens.  This allows for stronger attacks each time the antigen is encountered.

true

T cells and B cells are part of adaptive immunity.

true

A(n) _________________ is something that can activate a lymphocyte

antigen

Vaccines are a great way to build adaptive immunity.

true

The _____________ is a group of proteins that help antibodies kill their target.

complement system

___________is the use of antibodies, B cells (producing antibodies), and T cells to treat disease such as cancer. 

 

Immunotherapy

A vaccine stimulates your B cells to make antibodies against a particular antigen.  This can prevent you from becoming as sick when you encounter the antigen for real!

True

Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells that can directly destroy antigens.

 

True

Vaccines can be used to treat cancer because they can stimulate the body's immune cells to attack the cancer cells.

 

True

 

presents antigens to T cells and B cells

dendritc cell

A cytotoxic T cell

 

directly kills antigens

The body’s ability to **recognize** and **remember** specific antigens in an immune response is called

 

adaptive immunity

After being exposed to a particular antigen, a B cell will mature into a ______________ cell that secretes immunoglobulins.

plasma cell

Someone who contracts COVID 19 is given a dose of antibodies.  These antibodies (donated from someone who has had COVID 19) help the affected individual fight COVID 19, but do not activate your immune cells.

true

Humoral immunity involves antibodies made by T cells.

 

False

These are antibodies created in a laboratory by special reproductive (cloning) techniques. They are designed to attack specific cancer cells directly or to activate T cells to kill the tumor.

monoclonal antibodies

is present at birth and is not developed over time

natural immunity

___________ are chemicals released by T cells that can aid in antigen destruction

cytokines

Immunological memory is built using natural immunity.

false

If mom is making antibodies for a particular antigen, baby can benefit because some of the mom's antibodies pass through the breast milk to the baby.

true

again or anew

ana-

spleen

splen/o

thymus gland

thym/o

lymph/o

lymph

protection

immun/o

poison

tox/o

lymph node

\n lymphaden/o

between

inter-

Another name for hives is

 

urticaria

This bacterial disease is caused by the *mycobacterium tuberculosis.*

tuberculosis

A rash caused by a soap, lotion or chemical is called

atopic dermatitis

This bacterial disease manifests with fever, malaise, night sweats, anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss, and lung and blood infections.

 

*Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare* 

Another name for hay fever is

 

allergic rhinitis

An abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen is called

allergy

A yeast-like fungus that causes lung, brain and blood infections is

 

Cryptococcus

The viral infection that destroys T helper cells (CD4+ cells) and disrupts the immune response is called

human immunodeficiency virus

A group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems is

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

____________ is a parasitic infection of the GI tract, brain and spinal cord.

Cryptosporidiosis

___________ is a virus that causes enteritis and retinitis.

Cytomegalovirus

A tumor of the thymus is

 

thymoma

A malignant tumor of lymph nodes or lymph tissue is

lymphoma

________ is a malignancy associated with AIDS.  This cancer arises from the lining cells of capillaries that produces dark-purplish skin nodules.

 

Kaposi-sarcoma

This pathology is caused by a single-celled organism that causes lung infection with fever, cough and pain

 

pneumocystis pneumonia

This virus causes small blisters on the skin of the lips, nose or genitals.  It can also cause encephalitis

Herpes simplex

This fungal infection causes fevers, chills and lung infection when contaminated dust is inhaled.  The pathogen is found in bird and bat droppings

histoplasmosis

An extraorginary hypersensitivity reaction that occurs throughout the body leading to fall in blood pressure, shock, respiratory distress and edema in the airways is

systemic anaphylaxis

A yeast-like fungus that affects the mouth, skin, intestinal tract and vagina is

Candidiasis

This syndrome associated with AIDS is marked by weight loss and decrease in muscular strength, appetite and mental activity.

 

Wasting syndrome

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells is

multiple myeloma

Which of the following is NOT a means to contract HIV?

skin to skin contact

Cancer of the lymph nodes

lymphoma

Because HHIV affects a person’s immune system, infections that are not normally seen in healthy individuals can run rampant.  These infections are called

opportunistic

This parasitic infection involves the central nervous system (CNS) and causes fever, chills, visual disturbances, confusion, hemiparesis (slight paralysis in half of the body), and seizures.

 

toxoplasmosis

In ______ infants are born with a deficiency of B cells and T cells resulting in a lack of immunity.

severe combined immunodeficiency disease

A ___________ might be done to assess abnormalities of lymphoid organs. This x-ray imaging produces cross-sectional views of anatomic structures.

computer tomography scan

This test might be done to evaluate a patient with AIDS.  It measures the number of helper T cells in their blood.

CD4+ cell count

This test separates out the different type of antibodies to detect abnormal levels of specific antibodies.

immunoelectrophoresis

A ________ measures the amount of HIV in the bloodstream

viral load test

This is a screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the blood stream.  It is used to diagnose HIV.

ELISA

a helper T cell

CD4+

monoclonal antibody

MoAb

severe combined immunodeficiency disease

SCID

immunoglobulin G

igG

protease inhibitor

PI

regulatory T cell

Treg

toxoplasmosis

Toxo

highly active antiretroviral therapy

HAART

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

NHL

What does "AIDS" stand for?

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

chimeric antigen receptors

CAR T-cells

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

G-CSF

granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

GM-CSF

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus

KSHV

cryptococcus

crypto

Kaposi sarcoma

KS

What does HSV stand for?

\n herpes simplex virus

What is the standard abbreviation for:

histo

interleukin 2

IL2

*mycobacterium avium - intracellulare*

MAI

immunoeffector cells

IEC