histo last

histo

1) The Glomerulus

d. Is a fenestrated capillary

2) The proximal convoluted tubule

a. Is present only in the cortex of the kidney b. Is responsible for absorption and degradation of proteins present in the filtrate c. Has an extensive brush border d. Has basally located nuclei e. **All the above are correct**

3) The thin loop of Henle

a. Can only transport waler on is descending limb

4) The distal convoluted tubule

c. Has apically positioned nuclei in its epithelium

\

\

\

\

\

\

9)Which of the following is INCORECTLY matched with a region of the GI tract?

Circularis Pylorus

10) Which of the following DOES NOT occur in the enterocytes of the intestinal villus?

e. import of chylomicrons

11) Submucosal glands are present in the following region(s) of the GI tract?

a. esophagous b. fundus c. duodenum d. colon e. All the above f. a and c

12) Parietal cells of the Gl tract have all the following properties EXCEPT

b. present in the jejunum

13) Ingestion of barbiturates can cause:

d. increased detoxification of other ingested toxins

14) Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding Kupffer cells?

d. Secrete prothrombin.

15) Water is reabsorbed from bile mainly in the:

a. bile canaliculi. b. portal canals. c. spaces of Mall. d. submucosa of the gallbladder. **e. None of the above**

16) A liver biopsy was taken from a patient presenting with a congestive heart failure. Which of the following is likely to be found upon histological examination?

b. cell death of hepatocytes due to hypoxia that is greatest in zone 3 of the liver acinus of Rappaport

17)Which of the following is TRUE?

c. Regeneration of Leydig cells within interstitial spaces of the testis requires the presence of macrophages.

19) Which structure shown in the micrograph is required for propulsion of semen thourgh the male reproductive tract?

a. a

20) Which of the following is found in the middle piece of the spermatozoan tail?

e. olfactory receptors

21) Anemia caused due to iron deficiency, which in turn is caused due to blood loss, has many oral signs and symptoms and it is important to a dentist to identify these and act accordingly. Any dental procedures which involve surgical approach should not be performed without making note of blood counts and hemoglobin values. Iron-deficiency anemia is a microcytic anemia caused by excessive blood loss. The blood loss can be caused by menorrhagia (menses with abnormally heavy/prolonged bleeding) Menses correlates with

d. Decreased levels of estradiol and progesterone

23) Interstitial and immune cells may have a role in salivary gland biogenesis, as has been shown for mammary gland development. What feature is true with respect to the mature mammary gland?

b. Myoepithelial cells border the basal lamina, which separates the epithelial layer from the extracellular matrix.

36) Hairy tongue involves the overgrowth of which of the following type of papilla?

a. Filiform

37) Lining mucosa is present on all of the following surfaces with the exception of the

d. Hard palate

38) Endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels. Langerhans cells are involved in immune surveillance and travel from the oral mucosa to lymph nodes to present antigens to T cells. \n

a. Both sentences are true

39) Which of the following anatomic regions contain minor salivary glands?

a. Gingiva \n b. Lateral tongue \n c. Floor of mouth

d. All of the above e. b and c only

41) Which cells have an apical process that forms the cuticular plate surrounding the stereocilia of the outer hair cells? \n

d. phalangeal cells

42)What id a characteristic of inner hair cells? \n

d. cylindrical shape held at the base by support cells

43) Where can otoconia be found?

c. macula of saccule

46) it is tempting to speculate that under pathological situations where skin barrier is compromised the enhancement of epidermal tight junction integrity through the use of inflammatory mediators might be a rapid and cost effective way to quickly improve the epidermal barrier function as compared to stratum corneum repair. Functional tight junction complexes have been identified by electron microscopy studies in which epidermal layer?

c. stratum granulosum \n

47) A 67-year-old, well-oriented, otherwise normal, female patient presented with an asymptomatic swelling in her left cheek of 5-month duration. A firm nodule was surgically excised under local anesthesia. Microscopic evaluation of H and E stained slides revealed a cystic lesion showing well defined tumor lobules composed of cellular masses separated by a collagenous stroma. The sections were stained with Periodic Acid Schiffs (PAS) and all features identified were suggestive of a benign tumor of eccrine sweat glands. Under normal conditions, these glands display which feature. \n

b. the secretory portion contains myoepithelial cells.

5\. The fovea

1. \*Lies at the center of macula lutea

7\. The two main functions of the retinal pigment epithelium are

1. \*Phagocytosis of shed outer segments; regeneration of the photoreceptor

photopigments

. Submucosal glands are present in the following region(s) of the GI tract

1. Esophagus
2. Fundus
3. Duodenum
4. Colon
5. All of the above
6. \*A&C

18\. Testicular temperature is regulates separately from the body since spermatogenesis can only occur at a temperature of several degrees below body temperature. Which of the following structure(s) shown in the micrograph is/are requires for testicular thermoregulation?

1. \*B,C,andD

22\. Shown in the attached light micrographs are two phases of the endometrium. The phase shown in panel A is regulated by

1. \*Increased estradiol levels

23\. Interstitial and immune cells may have a role in salivary gland biogenesis, as has been shown for mammary gland development. What feature is true with respect to the mature mammary gland?

1. \*Myoepithelial cells border the basal lamina, which separates the epithelial layer from the

extracellular matrix

24\. Which of the follicles shown in the attachment determine the length of the follicular phases of the menstrual cycle

1. \*Follicle B

25\. The cells indicated by the arrows

1. \*Are Goblet cells

26\. The vesicles indicated by the arrow

1. \*Are found in intestinal glands

27\. The structure indicated by the arrows

1. \*Contains beta cells

28\. The structure indicated by the arrows

1. Is a proximal convoluted tubule
2. Is a distal convoluted tubule
3. Is a urinary space
4. Contains filtrate
5. \*C & D

29\. The cells indicated by the arrow

1. Are thecal cells
2. Are surrounding the secondary oocyte
3. Produce androgens
4. Are granulosa cells
5. \*C & D

30\. The structure indicated by the arrow

1. Is a germinal epithelium
2. Contains Sertoli cells
3. Has endocrine function
4. Has a blood-testis barrier
5. \*All of the above

31\. The layer indicated by the arrows

1. Is Bruch’s membrane
2. \*Is directly connected to the optic nerve
3. Contains rods
4. Consists of glial cells
5. B & D

32\. The structure indicated by the arrow

1. \*Is the lens
2. Is the cornea
3. Is the uvea
4. Is Bowman’s membrane
5. Is the stroma

33\. The structure indicated by the arrow

1. \*Contacts outer hair cells
2. Is a vestibular membrane
3. Is a basilar membrane
4. Secretes endolymph
5. C & D

34\. The stratum indicated by the arrow

1. Is part of the dermis
2. \*Contains keritohyaline granules
3. Contains stem cells
4. Contains apocrine glands
5. C & D

35\. The structures indicated by the asterisks

\
s \*Have holocrine secretions

38\. Endothelial cells from the inner lining of blood vessels. Langerhans cells are involved in immune surveillance and travel from the oral mucosa to lymph nodes to present antigens to T cells.

1. \*Both sentences are true

40\. What is connected to the stapes

\*Oval window

42\. What is a characteristic of inner hair cells

1. \*Bulbous shape completely surrounded by support cells and capped by nerve cells

44\. The attachment contains a cartoon of the epidermis of skin (A) and the epithelial lining of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (B). Both epithelia contain desmogein 1 (Dsg 1) and desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) with a distribution as indicated in the images. Patients with an autoimmune diseasewith autoantibodies that disrupt (knockout) the function of demoglein 1 will have the following phenotype

1. \*Superficial skin blisters

45\. It is tempting to spectate that under pathologic situations where skin barrier is compromised the enhancement of epidermal light junction integrity through the use of inflammatory mediators might be a rapid and cost effective wat to quickly improve the epidermal barrier function as compared to stratum corneum repair. Functional tight junctional complexes have been identified by electron microscopy studies in which epidermal layer

\*Stratum granulosum \n

Histologically, \n Meissner’s corpuscles are commonly seen in neurofibromas of the gingiva. Which of the structures seen in the attachment represents the normal histology of a Meissner’s corpuscle

\*A

eosonophilic metamyelocyte

bilobed, basophilic, barr body

distal convoluted tubule

kupffer cells

monocyte

submucosal glands are present in

esophogous

meissners corpuscle

early stage of erthyopoesis

metamyelocyte

contains specific granules?

intercalated discs

bowmans gland

ductal portion of a sweat gland

basophils and mast cells both secrete histamine

true

megakaryocytes can be observed in blood smears

false

basophils and mast cells both have basophilic granules

true

platelets erythrocytes reticulocytes and metamyelocytes do not have nuclei

false

hematopoiesis occurs in the liver prior to birth

true

parietal cells are located in the small intestine

false

a portion of the stomach wall contains skeletal muscle

false

auerbachs plexus contains neuronal cell bodies

true

which of the following describes a centroacinar cell of the pancreas?

active in producing the fluid portion of the pancreatic juice

renin converts angiotenins 1 to angiotensin 2

false

erythropoietin is synthesized in the kidney

true

amino acids are primarily reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule

true

the thin segment of the loop of henle is found in the

has both ascending and descending portions

which structure attrached the epidermins to dermis?

hemidesmosomes

which structure attached keratinocytes to eachother?

desmosomes

tight juntions act as liquid liquid barriers. which layers do you find tight junctions within the epidermis?

stratum granulosum

the reticular layer of dermis can be thicker in thin skin compared to thin skin

true

the stratum spinosum lacks hemidesmosomes

true

apocrine sweat glands secrete by an apocrine mechanisms

false -- secretes by merocrine

langerhans cells contain granules contain organelles that

A and B (are called birbeck granules, resemble tennis rackets)

what type of nerve ending is most common in the periodontal ligament?

free

which of the following is the depression of the intergingiva that connects the lingual and facial papilae?

gingival col.

which of the following is false regarding the primary palate?

it usually contains no teeth

which of the following oral epithelial types is keratinized

attached gingiva

which of the following has the lowest organic composition

enamel

with increased age of pulp, each of the following occurs except

decreased collagen content

which of the following portions of the tooth or its associated structures allows for orthodontic movement?

cementum

select the correct statement regarding veins

are part of the lymphatic system

hematopoeitic stem cells

is committed to replacing itself at each divison

the basophilic erythroblast

has large amounts of ribosomes and tRNA

band cells

can be distinguished as neutrophil, basophil or eosonophil lineage

C-kit

is the receptor stem cell factor

a 48 year old female patient main complaint was gingival hemorage that lasted for 8 hours… which of the following is likely to be a cuase of bleeding?

platelets count below 50,000

the cause for lesions shown in the accompanying image is unknown… during the early stages of the disease suggests a humoral response, which involved which of the following cells?

lymphocytes

the present care repost is about a 30 year old female… steps are usually followed follwoing a consult with a hematologist

infuse platelet concentration supplements prior to the extraction procedure