British key dates

OCR

Name all the prime ministers in chronological order from 1951

Churchill (51-55), Eden (55-57), Macmillan (57-63), Douglas-Home (63-64), Wilson (64-70), Heath (70-74), Wilson (74-79), Thatcher (79-90), Major (90-97)

What was the government of India Act 1935?

Created elected legislatures and increased the size of the electorate

Give a problem with India politics

Calls for independence

Give a problem with India demographics

British policy alienates wealthy/influential Indians

Give a problem with India nationalism

Growing nationalist parties

Give a problem with India protests

Gandhi and civil disobedience

Give a problem with India coercion

Amritsar 1919

Which King abdicated in 1936?

Edward VIII

Give a reason Churchill was wary of German rearmament 1935

Hitler introduced conscription in 1935

Give a reason Churchill was wary of German rearmament military

Germany was developing its air force

Give a reason Churchill was wary of German rearmament history

He saw the situation as similar to 1914

Give a reason Churchill was wary of German rearmament personality

He saw Hitler and his regime as dangerous

Give a reason Churchill was wary of German rearmament Treaty

He feared Germany was trying to break the Treaty of Versailles

Give a reason Churchill was wary of German rearmament Europe

He was worried the balance of power in Europe would be disrupted

What was appeasement?

The policy pursued by Chamberlain from 1937

When was the Munich Agreement?

1938

What were the terms of the Munich Agreement?

Allowed Germany to take over the Sudetenland, and allowed Slovakia to form its own state

When did Britain accept Anschluss (MA)?

1938

Give a reason for Chamberlain's resignation personal

He was seriously ill

Give a reason for Chamberlain's resignation personality

He was viewed as a man of peace

Give a reason for Chamberlain's resignation War

By May 1940 Parliament felt he was not managing the war well enough

Give a reason Halifax could not become PM politics

He supported appeasement

Give a reason Halifax could not become PM peerage

He didn't want to give up his title

Give a reason Halifax could not become PM personal

He had made it clear he would not accept the position

Give a reason Churchill became PM support

He had popular support

Give a reason Churchill became PM parliament support

He had support from a group of Labour/Conservative MPs

Give a reason Churchill became PM last choice

Halifax would not become PM

What was the situation in 1940?

The Low Countries were captured. By May 28th British forces were cut off from France and were at danger of being destroyed at Dunkirk. Gold reserves were running out. It looked like Italy was going to join the war against Britain. There was a danger of being unable to obtain supplies from North America

Give a key aspect of Churchill's leadership style daring

He favoured daring ideas and actions

Give a key aspect of Churchill's leadership style angy

He was frustrated by delays or signs of weakness

Give a key aspect of Churchill's leadership style advice

He could take advice from those he believed to be exceptional or talented

Give a key aspect of Churchill's leadership style besties

He believed in the power of personal relationships

Give a key aspect of Churchill's leadership style dramatic

He was personally flamboyant

How many men were evacuated from Dunkirk?

300,000

Give a strength of Labour during the 1945 election

They had a well-focused campaign

Give a strength of Labour during the 1945 election

Labour MPs had been important in domestic affairs during the war

Give a strength of Labour during the 1945 election

Members of the armed forces were more politically aware and tended to favour Labour

Give an example of a Tory weakness during the 1945 election

Their campaign was less organised and focused on Churchill's wartime success

Give an example of a Tory weakness during the 1945 election

Churchill said Labour would need a Gestapo to enforce their policies

Give an example of a Tory weakness during the 1945 election

They were associated with unemployment and the hardships of the 20s

Give an example of a Tory weakness during the 1945 election

Many working class people remembered Churchill as opposed to strikes and socialism

When was the Beveridge report?

1942

Give a conservative strength in the 1951 election

Better local organisation and finance

Give a conservative strength in the 1951 election

Churchill was an admired figure

Give a conservative strength in the 1951 election

They were united behind opposing the nationalisation of iron and steel

Give a conservative strength in the 1951 election

They were opposed to socialism and the Cold War has started

Give a conservative strength in the 1951 election

They promised to build 300,000 houses

Give a conservative strength in the 1951 election

They promised freedom from rationing

Give a conservative strength in the 1951 election

They kept the welfare state and full employment policies

Give a Labour weakness in the 1951 election

Labour only had a majority of 5 after 1950 so there was low morale in the party

Give a Labour weakness in the 1951 election

It was associated with austerity

Why was Labour associated with austerity?

The Korean war meant defense spending increased

Why was Labour associated with austerity?

They were forced to cut back on imported goods

How many schools were built 1951-64?

6000

Which act created grammar schools?

The Butler Act of 1944

Why were grammar schools seen as a good thing?

They gave poor children a chance to enter middle class occupations and university education increased

Give a fact to suggest that there was a high standard of living 1951-64 housing

Home ownership rose from 25% in 1951 to 44% in 1964

Give a fact to suggest that there was a high standard of living 1951-64 wages

The level of real wages rose

Give a fact to suggest that there was a high standard of living 1951-64 unemployment

There was a period of relatively low unemployment - the peak was 500,000 in 1959

What was stop-go economics?

If inflation occurred, the government would increase interest and taxes, which would take money out of the economy and prices would fall. If the economy needed to be boosted, they would lower taxation and interest,and introduce protectionism, which would mean more money to spend and production would go up

Who were the conservative leaders 1951-64?

Churchill ('51-55), Eden ('55-57), Macmillan ('57-63), Douglas-Home ('63-64)

Give a key fact about Churchill's premiership

He had a stroke in 1953 which he kept secret

Give a brief summary of Eden's premiership

He was charming, reassuring, and experienced. He presided over the Suez Crisis of 1956

Why was the Suez Canal important?

It connected the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea and was the main trade route from Europe to Asia

What was the Suez Crisis?

The Suez canal had been nationalised by the Egyptians and Britain, France, and Israel invaded to force it to be privatised but this was criticised by the USA and the wider global community

Give a brief summary of Macmillan's premiership

• Profumo affair- Secretary of state for war involved with a prostitute with links to a Soviet naval attache

• 'Never had it so good’

• Butler; nat service ended in 1959, moved towards ending death penalty

Give a brief summary of Douglas-Home's premiership

• Scottish Lord who served with Chamberlain

• Obviously aristocratic and mercilessly satirised

• Was not at ease with complex economic or foreign affairs

Give a Conservative economic success 1951-64 manufacture

Industries such as aircraft manufacture, cars, chemicals expanded

Give a Conservative economic success 1951-64 social

Growth in welfare and house building

Give a Conservative economic success 1951-64 economy

More credit available

Give a Conservative economic success 1951-64 infrastructure

Some growth in infrastructure, e.g. motorway system began

Give a Conservative economic success 1951-64 employment

High employment

Give a Conservative economic failure 1951-64 econmics

Persistent price rises and stagnation - stagflation

Give a Conservative economic failure 1951-64 lagging

Rate of economic growth lagged behind other European countries

Give a Conservative economic failure 1951-64 outdated

Industry was old-fashioned

Give a Conservative economic failure 1951-64 world

Share of world trade fell

Give a Conservative economic failure 1951-64 EEC

Britain did not join the EEC French vetoed

Give a Conservative economic failure 1951-64 strikes

Weak economy from 1961 due to worsening labour relations

Give a Conservative economic failure 1951-64 unemployed

Rise in unemployment - 800,000 in 1963

Give an issue which divided the Labour party between 1951 and 1964 modern?

Hugh Gaitskell wanted to modernise the party

Give an issue which divided the Labour party between 1951 and 1964 lefty

Strong left wing element led by Bevan

Give an issue which divided the Labour party between 1951 and 1964 clause

Bevan argued that clause IV should be a major policy whilst others argued it was outdated

Give an issue which divided the Labour party between 1951 and 1964 disarmament

Many members wanted nuclear disarmament for moral and economic reasons while others argued Britain could not be defenceless. In 1960 the party voted for unilateral disarmament

Give an issue which divided the Labour party between 1951 and 1964 West Germany

Bevan and the left opposed Britains policy towards West Germany - it was allowed to rearm and join NATO. This was rejected by the leadership and Bevan was expelled in 1955

Give a feature of Britain and the USA's relationship besties

'special relationship'

Give a feature of Britain and the USA's relationship Korea

Britain and the USA sent troops to Korea 1950-51

Give a feature of Britain and the USA's relationship Berlin

1948-49 cooperated over the Berlin blockade

Give a feature of Britain and the USA's relationship NATO

Both members of NATO est. 1949

Give a feature of Britain and the USA's relationship Aid

USA gave Britain Marshall aid post-war

Give a feature of Britain and the USA's relationship Geneva

Britain joined the Geneva Agreement 1954

Give a feature of Britain and the USA's relationship Vietnam

Britain does not take part in the Vietnam War

Give an example of when Anglo-American relations were strained money

Britain could not commit the same finances to foreign affairs

Give an example of when Anglo-American relations were strained V

Vietnam war

Give an example of when Anglo-American relations were strained Suez

Suez in 1956

Give an example of when Anglo-American relations were strained Cuba

Cuban missile crisis

Give an example of when Anglo-American relations were strained Coups

Britain disliked US involvement in the removal of a left-wing gov in Grenada in 1983

Give 3 examples of British and US cooperation after 1990

• Maintained good relations

• Cooperated in First Gulf War 1993

• Collaborated with UN efforts to stop violence in Yugoslavia in 1995

Give an example to show that there was suspicion between Britain and the USSR WG

UK and USA rearmed West Germany and include West Germany in NATO

Give an example to show that there was suspicion between Britain and the USSR NK

UK and USA oppose N.Korean backing which has Soviet backing

Give an example to show that there was suspicion between Britain and the USSR baddy

Britain's defence planning sees the USSR as a major threat