Medical Terminology- Digestive System

EMULSIFICATION

breakdown of large fat golbules into smaller, digestible particles in the bile duct

LAPAR/O

Abdomen

PHARYNG/o

pharynx

GLUC/O

sugar

ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.

Symptoms: Thickened, white patches form on the gums, the insides of the cheeks, the bottom of the mouth, and, sometimes, the tongue. The patches can't be scraped off.

APPENDIC/O

Appendix

MANDIBUL/O

mandible

PALAT/O

palate

HERPETIC STOMATITIS

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus.

Symptoms: Sores and ulcers on the mouth. Abnormally enlarged, bulging, protruding, or swollen gums are a possible indication of disease.

Colon/o

Large Intestine

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

swollen varicose veins at the end of the esophagus.

Symptoms: Usually there are no symptoms unless the veins bleed. Symptoms of bleeding esophageal varices include vomiting blood, tar-like or bloody stools, and, in severe cases, shock.

ACHALASIA

failure of LES(lower esophageal sphincter) to relax

Symptoms include a backflow of food in the throat (regurgitation), chest pain, and weight loss.

DIARRHEA

Frequent passage of loose, water stools

Symptoms:.Belly (abdominal) cramps.

• Stomach pain.

• Swelling (bloating)

• Upset stomach (nausea)

• Urgent need to go to the bathroom.

ILE/O

ileum

PEPTIC ULCER

open sore in the lining of the stomach of duodenum. Symptoms: Upper abdominal pain is a common symptom.

burning stomach pain. Stomach acid makes the pain worse, as does having an empty stomach. The pain can often be relieved by eating certain foods (Milk, Mylanta) that buffer stomach acid or by taking an acid-reducing medication, but then it may come back

DEGLUTITION

swallowing

-IASIS

abnormal condition

HEPAT/O

liver

LITH/O

stone

DENT/I

teeth

CIRRHOSIS

chronic degenrative disease of the liver. Symptoms: Initially patients may experience fatigue, weakness, and weight loss. During later stages, patients may develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin), gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal swelling (Ascites), and confusion.

PERISTALSIS

wave like contraction

HEMATOCHEZIA

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.

common sign of hematochezia includes bright red blood that is visible in the stool or on the toilet paper after wiping. faint and lightheaded due to the loss of blood and have associated symptoms like abdominal pain, vomiting, or diarrhea.

col/o

large intestine

or/o

oral cavity

ASCITES

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

Symptoms:Swelling in the abdomen.

• Weight gain.

• Sense of fullness.

• Bloating.

CELI/O

abdomen

DYSPHAGIA

difficulty swallowing

-PRANDIAL

pertaining to eating or mealtime

lip/o

fat

SIALADEN/O

salivary gland

COLONIC POLYPOSIS

benign growths protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.

Symptoms: Change in bowel habits. Constipation or diarrhea that lasts longer than a week may mean the presence of a larger colon polyp or cancer. ...

• Change in stool color. Blood can show up as red streaks in your stool or make stool appear black. ...

• Iron deficiency anemia. ...

• Pain

PYLOR/O

pylorus

an/o

anus

PANCREATITIS

inflammation of the pancreas

Symptoms: Severe belly pain that may spread to your back or chest (it may feel worse after you eat)

• Nausea.

• Vomiting.

• Rapid heart rate.

• Fever.

• Swelling and feeling sore or tender in your upper belly.

GINGIV/O

gums

VOLVULUS

twisting of the intestine on itself

Symptoms :yellow or green vomit (bilious vomiting)

• severe abdominal pain.

• abdominal swelling or distention.

• rapid heart rate.

• rapid breathing.

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)

solids and fluid return to the mouth from the stomach. Symptoms include burning pain in the chest that usually occurs after eating and worsens when lying down. Backwash (regurgitation) of food or sour liquid. Upper abdominal or chest pain. Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)

cec/o

cecum

BILIRUBIN/O

bilirubin

CONSTIPATION

difficulty passing stool

UVUL/O

uvula

PERIODONTAL DISEASE

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone

APPEND/O

appendix

BUCC/O

cheek

SIAL/O

saliva

HERNIA

protrusion of an organ through the tissues and muscles normally containing it.

Symptoms: A bulge in the area on either side of your pubic bone, which becomes more obvious when you're upright, especially if you cough or strain. Some cases have no symptoms

RECT/O

rectum

MELENA

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested food

significant blood loss can lead to symptoms of low blood volume, anemia, or shock, such as weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, clamminess, dizziness, confusion, and tachycardia or a fast heart rate.

JAUNDICE(Icterus) (HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA)

yellow-oragne coloration of the skin caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

-CHEZIA

defecation, elimination of waste

PANCREAT/O

pancreas

VIRAL HEPATITIS

inflammation of the liver cause by a virus.

Symptoms: fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, light-colored stools, joint pain, and jaundice.

ENTER/O

small intestines

NAUSEA

unpleasan sensation in the stomach

odont/o

teeth

steat/o

fat

DYSENTERY

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection.

Symptoms: The main symptom of dysentery is frequent near-liquid diarrhea flecked with blood, mucus, or pus.

• sudden onset of high fever (at least 100.4°F or 38°C) and chills.

• abdominal pain.

• cramps and bloating.

• flatulence (passing gas)

• urgency to pass stool.

• feeling of incomplete emptying.

CHEIL/O

lips

CHOLECYST/O

gallbladder

CHOLEDOCH/O

common bile duct

GASTR/O

stomach

SIGMOID/O

sigmoid colon

GLYC/O

sugar

ESOPHAG/O

esophagus

CHOLELITHIASIS

gallstones

Can have no symptoms, but people may experience:

Pain areas: in the back or upper-right abdomen

• Fever.

• Yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS)

group of GI symptoms, but without abnormalities in the intestines. Stress and tension can make it worse. Symptoms include: Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Abdominal (stomach) pain and cramping, which may be relieved by moving your bowels.

a change in your bowel habits – such as diarrhea, constipation or sometimes both.

bloating and swelling of your stomach.

excessive wind (flatulence)

occasionally experiencing an urgent need to move your bowel

PROTE/O

protein

STEATORRHEA

fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling

Symptoms: bulky, pale, foul-smelling oily stools.

anus

PROCT/O

CONSTIPATION

difficulty passing stool

PHARYNG/O

pharynx

JEJUN/O

jejunum

CROHN’S DISEASE

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. Symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, and fatigue. Some people may be symptom free most of their lives, while others can have severe chronic symptoms that never go away

COLORECTAL CANCER

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

Symptoms: Symptoms may vary depending on the cancer's size and location. Symptoms might include blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort (cramps, gas or pain), and a change in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation. A feeling that the bowel doesn't empty all the way during a bowel movement.

DIVERTICULOSIS

abnormal outpouching in the intestinal wall of colon.

Symptoms: Usually, no symptoms occur, unless the diverticula become inflamed or infected (diverticulitis) which can result in fever and abdominal pain .Pain, which may be constant and persist for several days. The lower left side of the abdomen is the usual site of the pain. ...

• Nausea and vomiting.

INTUSSUSCEPTION

telescoping of the intestines. a serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine

Symptoms include sudden, loud crying that comes and goes every 15 to 20 minutes, vomiting, and stool mixed with blood and mucus.

ULCERATIVE COLITIS

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers. Symptoms: Symptoms include rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and pain.Pain in the abdomen (belly area) and cramping.

• A gurgling or splashing sound heard over the intestine.

• Blood and possibly pus in the stools.

• Diarrhea, from only a few episodes to very often.

• Fever.

• Feeling that you need to pass stools, even though your bowels are already empty.

chewing

MASTICATION

duodenum

DUODEN/O

ANOREXIA

lack of appetite

ERUCTATION

gas expelled through the mouth(burping)

APHTHOUS STOMATITIS

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Symptoms: The main symptom is a painful sore in the mouth that can make it hard to eat and talk.

gloss/o

tongue

Anal Fistula

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus. Infection is the main cause of anal fistulas.

Symptoms:

pain,swelling, discharge of pus from the anus

PANCREAT/O

pancreas

lip/o

fat

PERITONE/O

peritoneum

lingu/o

tongue

BORBORYGMUS

rumbling or gurgling noisemade by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines.

usually caused by the presence of food, liquid, or gas moving through the stomach and intestines.

bil/o

bile

FLATUS

gas expelled through the anus

-ase

enzyme

AMYL/O

starch

DENTAL CARIES

tooth decay, cavities

GASTRIC CARCINOMA

stomach cancer

Symptoms: There may be no symptoms of stomach cancer early on. Later, symptoms include feeling bloated after eating, feeling full after eating small amounts of food, nausea, heartburn, or indigestion.

• a painful or burning sensation in the abdomen.

• heartburn or indigestion (dyspepsia)

• a sense of fullness, even after a small meal.

• nausea and/or vomiting.

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

swollen varicose veins at the end of the esophagus

Usually there are no symptoms unless the veins bleed. Symptoms of bleeding esophageal varices include vomiting blood, tar-like or bloody stools, and, in severe cases, shock.

ILEUS

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.

Symptoms include abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, vomiting, constipation, difficulty passing gas, and difficulty tolerating a normal diet.

HEMORRHOIDS

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region. Symptoms include: discomfort is a common symptom, especially during bowel movements or when sitting. Other symptoms include itching and bleeding. Bright red blood in your stool, on toilet paper, or in your toilet bowl. Pain and irritation around your anus. Swelling or a hard lump around your anus.

labi/o

lips