medterm final

aden/o

Gland
Ex- Adenoma, Adenopathy

adren/o

adrenal gland
Ex- adrenarche, adrenalitis

cortic/o

outer surface
Ex- corticotropic, adrenocorticophyerplasia

gonad/o

gonads/sex organs
Ex- gonadopathy, gonadogensis

pancreat/o

pancreas
Ex- pancreatitis, pancreatolith

pituitar/o, hypophsy/o

Pituitary Gland
Ex- hyperpituitarism, hypophysis

thym/o

thymus
Ex- thymoma, thymectomy

thyro/, thyroid/o

thyroid
Ex- thyrotoxin, thyroidectomy

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

Sugar
Ex- glucorticoid, glucosuria, hypoglycemia

crin/o

To secrete
Ex- endocrine, exocrine

hormon/o

Hormone
Ex- hormonopoesis

ket/o

ketone body
Ex- ketosis, ketogenic

tropin

Stimulating Hormone
Ex- thyrotropin, gonadotropin

-emia

Blood Condition
Ex- glycemia, calcemia, anemia, leukemia

-uria

Urine Condition
Ex- Polyuria

Acidemia

Abnormal acidity of the blood

Acromegaly

Abnormal enlargement of the extremities

ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Adenoma

Glandular Tumor

Adenocarcinoma

Cancerous tumor of a gland

Adenopathy

Gland Disease

Adrenal Insufficiency

Condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones

Adrenal Virilism

Development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland

Adrenaline

Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland (from Latin; see also epinephrine)

Epinephrine

Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland (from Greek; see also adrenaline)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland

alkalemia

Abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood

Amenorrhea

Lack of menstrual flow

Calciuria

Calcium in the urine

DI

Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes Mellitus

Metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy

DM

Diabetes Mellitus

Dysmetabolic Syndrome

Combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism

Endocrine

Secrete Internally (i.e., into the bloodstream)

Exocrine

Secrete externally through ducts to the surface of an organ (i.e., sweat glands and salivary glands)

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct

ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Euglycemia

Good blood sugar

Euthyroid

A normal functioning thyroid

Exopthalmus

Protrusion of the eyes out of the eye sockets

FBS

Fasting Blood Sugar

Galactorrhea

Discharge of milk

GDM

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

GH

Growth Hormone

Glucagon

Hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels

Glucocorticoid

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism

Gluconeogenesis

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

Glucosuria

Sugar in the urine

Glycemic Index

Ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

Glycolysis

Breakdown of sugar

Glycopenia

Deficiency of sugar

Goiter

Swollen thyroid gland

GTT

Glucose Tolerant Test

Gynecomastia

Development of breast tissue in males

HgA1C

Hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels)

Hirsutism

Excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

HRT

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hypercalcemia

Excessive calcium in the blood

Hypercholesterolemia

Excessive cholesterol in the blood

Hyperglycemia

High blood Sugar

Hyperkalemia

Excessive potassium in the blood

Hyperlipidemia

Excessive fat in the blood

Hypernatremia

Excessive salt in the blood

Hyperparathyroidism

Overproduction by the parathyroid glands

Hypoparathyroidism

Underproduction by the parathyroid

Hyperpituitarism

Overfunctioning of the pituitary gland

Hypopituitarism

Condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland

Hyperthroidism

Overproduction by the thyroid

Hypothroidism

Underproduction by the thyroid

Hypocalcemia

Low calcium levels in the blood

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

Hypophysectomy

Removal of the pituitary gland

Insulin

Hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats

Ketogenesis

Creation of ketone bodies

Ketogenic Diet

Diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body

Ketolysis

Breakdown of ketones

Ketosis

Condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood

Menarche

Beginning of first menstruation

Myxedema

Swelling of the skin caused by deposits under the skin

Pancreatectomy

Removal of the pancreas

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas

Pancreatolithiasis

Presence of a stone in the pancreas

Panhypopituitarism

Defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland

Parathyoidectomy

Removal of the parathyroid

Pituitary Adenoma

Tumor on the pituitary gland

Pituitary Dwarfism

Abnormally short height caused by undersecretions of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

Pituitary Gigantism

Abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

Polydipsia

Excessive thirst

Polyphagia

Excessive eating

Polyuria

Excessive urination

T3

Triiodothyronine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)

T4

Thyroxine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)

TFT

Thyroid Function Test

Thelarche

Beginning of breast development

Thyroidectomy

Removal of the thyroid

Thyroiditis

Inflammation of the thyroid

Thyrotoxicosis

Condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone

TSH

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (also known as thyrotropin)