11-19-25 sports med quiz prep

Muscles of the Lower Leg

Fibularis longus, Soleus, Gastrocnemius

The 3 Arches of the Foot

Transverse, Medial longitudinal, Lateral longitudinal

which ligament is composed of 4 separate ligaments on the medial side of the ankle

Deltoid Ligament

The long, flat ligamentous sheet located between the tibia and fibula

Syndesmosis

The 3 Lateral Ankle Ligaments

Anterior talofibular, Calcaneofibular, Posterior talofibular

Grade 1 Ankle Sprain

Affects the Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) only

Grade 2 Ankle Sprain

Affects the Anterior Talofibular (ATFL) and Calcaneofibular (CFL) ligaments

Grade 3 Ankle Sprain

Affects the Anterior Talofibular (ATFL), Calcaneofibular (CFL), and Posterior Talofibular (PTFL) ligaments

Key Bones of the Foot & Ankle

Phalanges, Metatarsals, Calcaneus, Talus, Tibia, Fibula

Bones of the Ankle Joint

Talus, Tibia, Fibula

Which muscles plantar flex the ankle joint

Soleus and Gastrocnemius (muscles on the back of the leg that point the foot down)

Which muscle primarily dorsiflexes the foot

Anterior Tibialis (lifts the foot up)

Primary Inverter Muscle

Posterior Tibialis (turns the sole of the foot inward)

Primary Everters of the Foot

Fibularis longus and Fibularis brevis (turn the sole of the foot outward)

Fibularis Brevis Attachment

Attaches to the base of the fifth metatarsal

Inversion vs. Eversion

Inversion: sole turns inward. Eversion: sole turns outward.

Plantar Flexion Action

Lifting the heel off the ground (pointing toes down)

Dorsiflexion Action

Lifting the toes off the ground (pulling the foot up)

Circumduction

A circular movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right halves

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into top and bottom halves

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into front and back halves

Anterior

Towards the front of the body

Posterior

Towards the back of the body

Superior

Towards the head

Inferior

Towards the feet

Medial

Closer to the midline of the body

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment or the trunk (e.g., for limbs)

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment or the trunk

Superficial

Towards the surface of the body

Deep

Away from the surface, further inside the body