Scientific Method

Human biological science

the scientific study of humans, both as individuals and as populations, and the study of the interactions between humans and their environment.

The Scientific Method

1. Recognise a problem

2. Collect as much information as possible related to the problem

3. Propose a hypothesis

4. Test the hypothesis using an experiment and collect data

5. Analyse the data collected

6. Draw conclusion about whether the hypothesis was supported or disproved

7. Report on findings

Hypothesis

A testable statement that links between independent and dependent variable.

Controlled experiments

Designed to investigate relationships between variables or factors

Independent Variable

factor that is deliberately changed by the investigator to determine its effect

Dependent variable

the factor that changes in response to the independent variable

Controlled variable

factors that are kept the same for the control group and experimental group. Allow for a fair test

Uncontrolled variables

factors that are unable to be kept the same for the control group or experimental group. Might’ve been overlooked or impossible to control

Repetition

Doing the same experiment several times on the same subject

Replication

Having a large number of subjects at the same time

Valid experiment

It tests what it’s supposed to test (all variables controlled)

Reliability

which an experiment gives the same result each time its performed

Accuracy

how correct or true the measurement are (correct equipment)

Random errors

Unpredictable errors that can occur in all experiments

Systematic errors

Occurs because of the way the experiment is designed

Ethics

a set of moral principles or values

Some principles are

Voluntary participation
Informed consent
Risk of Harm
Confidentiality
Anonymity

Placebo

An inactive substance that looks like real medication, used in medical experiments to reduce any psychological effect on the patient

Placebo effect

A change or improvement in the condition of in patients who are given a placebo

Blind experiments

Subjects do not know whether they are receiving the placebo or treatment