Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter 8 - Joints

fibrous:

held together by dense connective tissue.

cartilaginous:

held together by cartilage

synovial:

have a complex structure

synarthrotic:

immovable

amphiarthrotic:

slightly movable

diarthrotic:

freely movable

3 Types of Fibrous Joints:

• Syndesmosis

• Suture

• Gomphosis

Syndesmosis:

bones bound by a sheet of dense connective tissue (interosseous membrane) or a bundle of dense connective tissue (interosseous ligament). (is a type of fibrous joint)

What type of movement does syndesmosis joints have?

amphiarthrotic

Suture:

thin layer of connective tissue (sutural ligament) connects bones.

Where are sutures located?

Between the flat bones of the skull.

What type of movement do sutures have?

They are diarthrotic

Gomphosis:

cone-shaped bony process in a socket.

What type of movement does gomphosis have?

They are synarthrotic

Periodontal Ligament:

root of a tooth in maxilla or mandible that holds it in place.

Cartilaginous Joints:

connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

2 types of Cartilaginous Joints:

• Synchondrosis

• Symphysis

Synchondrosis:

bands of hyaline cartilage unite bonds.

some are temporary, such as (ossification converts this to a synostosis).

epiphyseal plate

some are permanent, such as the ______ __________.

costal cartilages

What is symphysis?

pads of fibrocartilage between bone.

The symphysis surfaces are covered by ______ _________.

hyaline cartilage

What type of movement does symphysis have?

amphiarthrotic

What meets in the middle of your two pubic bones?

pubic syymphysis

Most joints are what type of joints?

synovial joints

All synovial joints have what type of movement?

Diarthrotic

Synovial joints have a more _______ structure than fibrous or cartilaginous joints.

complex

What type of cartilage covers the articular ends of bones?

articular cartilage

What are the layers of synovial joints?

Outer fibrous layer and inner layer membrane

What is the outer fibrous layer of the synovial joints?

It is composed of ligaments

What is the inner layer of the synovial joints?

It is a synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid.

What is this image pointing at?

Interosseous membrane of the leg

What is this image pointing at?

Fibula

What is this image pointing at?

Anterior tibiofibular ligament (interosseous ligament)

What is this image pointing at?

Medial malleolus

What is this image pointing at?

Tibia

What is this image pointing at?

Mandibular process of mandible

What is this image pointing at?

Periodontal ligament

What is this image pointing at?

Root of tooth

What is this image pointing at?

Crown of tooth

What is this image pointing at?

First rib

What is this image pointing at?

Costal cartilage

What is this image pointing at?

Manubrium

What is this image pointing at?

Thoracic Vertebra

What is this image pointing at?

Pubis

What is this image pointing at?

Fibrocartilage disc of pubic symphysis

What is this image pointing at?

Gelatinous core

What is this image pointing at?

Band of fibrocartilage

What is this image pointing at?

Body of vertebra

What is this image pointing to?

Intervertebral discs

What is this image pointing at?

Spinous process

What is this image pointing at?

Spongy Bone

What is this image pointing at?

Fibrous capsule

What is this image pointing at?

Synovial membrane

What is this image pointing at?

Articular cartilage

What is this image pointing at?

Articular cartilage

What is this image pointing at?

Synovial fluid

What is this image pointing at?

Femur

What is this image pointing at?

Synovial membrane

What is this image pointing at?

Suprapatellar bursa

What is this image pointing at?

Patella

What is this image pointing at?

Prepatellar bursa

What is this image pointing at?

Joint cavity

What is this image pointing at?

Subpatellar fat

What is this image pointing at?

Articular cartilage

What is this image pointing at?

Menisci

What is this image pointing at?

Infrapatellar bursa

What type of joint is this?

Ball-and-socket

What type of joint is this?

Condylar joint

Which joint is this an example of?

Ball-and-socket joint

What joint is this an example of?

Condylar joint

What is this image an example of?

Plane joint

What is this image an example of

Plane joint

What is this image an example of?

Hinge joint

What is this image an example of?

Hinge joint

What is this image an example of?

Pivot joint

What is this image an example of?

Pivot joint

What is this image an example of?

Saddle joint

What is this image an example of?

Saddle joint

Ball-and-socket joints are also known as:

spheroidal joints

What type of axial do ball-and-socket joints have?

multiaxial

what is the condylar joint also called?

ellipsoidal joint

What type of condyle fits into the elliptical cavity?

Oval condyle

What type of axial movement do condylar joints have?

biaxial movement, no rotation

What are a couple examples of condylar joints?

joints between metacarpals and phalanges (side-to-side)

What are a couple of examples of ball-and-socket joints?

hip and shoulder

What is a plane joint also known as?

gliding joint

What type of axial movement do plane joints have?

nonaxial movement

What are some examples of plane joints?

wrist and ankle joints

What is a hinge joint?

When a convex surface fits into concave surface of other bone.

What type of axial movement do hinge joints have?

uniaxial

What are pivot joints also called?

Trochoid joints

What is a pivot joint?

A cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of another bone.

What type of movement do pivot joints have?

uniaxial

What are some examples of hinge joints?

elbow and joints between phalanges (up and down)

What are some examples of pivot joints?

atlas (C1) and dens of axis (C2)

What is a saddle joint?

when both bones have concave and convex surfaces.

What is a saddle joint also known as?

a sellar joint

What type of axial movement do saddle joints have?

biaxial

What are some examples of saddle joints?

in between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb.