sports med final

The good samaritan law

Provides limited protection to someone who voluntarily chooses to provide first aid

infectious diseases

diseases caused by pathogens

Pathogens

organisms that cause disease

6 major groups of pathogens

virus, bacteria(good+bad), Rickettsia, protozoa, fungi, parasites

Defense aginst diseases

Wash hands, SKIN(physical barrier), Mucous membranes, Sebum (protective coating on skin), Cillia, How well you handle stress

direct contact transmission

requires close association between infected and susceptible host

indirect contact transmission

refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

non-communicable disease

a disease not capable of being spread from one person to another

(heart disease)

Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases

-Good health behavior (eating properly, exercising adequately, etc.)

Circulatory system

moves things all over the place, heat + blood vessels

heme/hemo

blood (hemoglobin)

Hemoglobin

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells

3 types of blood vessels

arteries: red/spurting, veins: blue/bleeding, capillary: purplish/oozing

What is normal blood pressure?

120/80

Pulse

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries., Taken by listening to arteries, 60-100 bpm, femoral artery, radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery, foot

blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

Hypertension

abnormally high blood pressure

hypotension

abnormally low blood pressure

systolic pressure

Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles.

diastolic pressure

Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.

bypass surgery

usually a vein from the leg is taken and used to bypass a clogged artery

Arrythmia

Abnormal heart rhythm

trans fat

An unsaturated fat, formed artificially during hydrogenation of oil

Heat Cramps vs. Heat Exhaustion vs. Heat stroke

Heat cramp - muscle spasms moist skin

Heat exhaustion - dark urine, clammy skin, headache

Heat stroke - no sweating, red skin, seizures

Hypothermia

abnormally low body temperature

Frostbite

damage to the skin and tissues caused by extreme cold

Signs of shock

Decreased blood pressure; rapid, weak pulse; mottled to gray skin color; changes in mental status

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation

sprain vs strain

Sprain : ligament, Strain: muscle, tendon

4 basic steps in emergency situation

1. recognize emergency (witness +find)

2.Decide to act

3.Call for help

4.provide care

Dislocation

displacement of a bone from its joint

Injury severity

grading of an injury that includes the amount of deformity, disability, and lack of strength to complete daily living activities; typically includes strength, range of motion, and functional deficit

Axon

A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. (cord)

Axon terminals

branches at the end of the axon

Synapse

A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next. Where neurotransmitters are

communicable disease prevention

wash hands, get vaccinated, stay home when sick, maintain good hygiene

Non-communicable disease prevention

good diet, dont smoke, exercise

Cortisol

stress hormone

Where to take pulse

2. Brachial(arm)

3. Carotid(neck)

4. Radial(wrist)

5. Femoral(groin)

foot

average heart rate

60-100 bpm

Average blood pressure

120/80

Steps of wound care

1.Stop the Bleeding 2.Cleanse/rinse 3.Disinfect wound 4.Spray q tip with tuff skin an roll around edges 5.Allow tuff skin to dry and apply antibiotic ointment 6.Cover with bandaids or steristrip 7. Wrap if going practice

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation

Keys to taping

5 devils of food

white rice, soda, white bread, white flour, processed foods

When are stitches necessary?

if the cut is deep \>1/4" and wide \>1/2"

Ant(anterior)

before/ in front of

(Acl)front of knee

Post(posterior)

after/behind

(Pcl)back of knee

Later/Latero (lateral)

side to side

Medi (Medial)

Middle

2 ligaments of the knee

ACL and PCL

anterior cruciate ligament + posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Oste/Osteo(Osteoporosis

bone

skeletal system

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints

1) storage of minerals

2) protection

3) production of RBCs

4) Levers for movement

axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

AXIS

appendicular skeleton

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

Ligaments

hold bones together at joints

dont attach to muscle

takes longer to heal because less blood supply

Medial + Lateral ligaments (meniscus)

hypo-

under, below

2 ligaments of ankle

calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)

anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

nervous system

the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems

Muscular System

All Muscles "Pull"

Concentric

Eccentric

Isometric Action

hyper-

over, above

Proxim-

near, nearest

Neurotransmitters

chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons

SEROTONIN, mood

DOPAMINE, pleasure

Dist

far, distant

pulmonary

pertaining to the lungs

cell body of nerve

power plant

parts of a nerve

cell body, dendrites, axon, Myelin Sheath, Synapse, Axon terminals

myelin sheath

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.

Treat for shock

Step 1. Position the victim

Step 2. Elevate victim's feet

Step 3. Loosen Clothing

Step 4. Prevent chilling or overheating

Step 5. Calm the victim